Foydalanuvchi:Ismailovna 05/qumloq

Abbéma at work in her studio.

Luiza Abbema (1853–yil 30–oktyabr - 1927–yil 29–iyul) fransuz rassomi, haykaltaroshi va Belle Epoque dizayneri edi.

Biography

Abbéma was born in Étampes, Essonne. She was born into a wealthy Parisian family, who were well connected in the local artistic community. Her great-grandmother was the actress Louise Contat. She began painting in her early teens, and studied under such notables of the period as Charles Joshua Chaplin, Jean-Jacques Henner and Carolus-Duran. She first received recognition for her work at age 23 when she painted a portrait of Sarah Bernhardt, her lifelong friend and possibly her lover.

She went on to paint portraits of other contemporary notables, and also painted panels and murals which adorned the Paris Town Hall, the Paris Opera House, numerous theatres including the "Theatre Sarah Bernhardt", and the "Palace of the Colonial Governor" at Dakar, Senegal. She had an academic and impressionistic style, painting with light and rapid brushstrokes.

She was a regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon, where she received an honorable mention for her panels in 1881. Abbéma was also among the female artists whose works were exhibited in the Women's Building at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. A bust Sarah Bernhardt sculpted of Abbéma was also exhibited at the exposition.

Abbéma specialized in oil portraits and watercolors, and many of her works showed the influence from Chinese and Japanese painters, as well as contemporary masters such as Édouard Manet. She frequently depicted flowers in her works. Among her best-known works are The Seasons, April Morning, Place de la Concorde, Among the Flowers, Winter, and portraits of actress Jeanne Samary, Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil, Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Charles Garnier.

Abbéma was also an accomplished printmaker, sculptor, and designer, as well as a writer who made regular contributions to the journals Gazette des Beaux-Arts and L'Art. She also illustrated several books, including la mer, René Maizeroy.^{[manba kerak]}

Among the many honors conferred upon Abbéma was Palme Academiques, 1887 and nomination as "Official Painter of the Third Republic." She was also awarded a bronze medal at the 1900 Exposition Universelle. In 1906 she was decorated as Chevalier of the Order of the Légion d'honneur.

She never married and there has been longtime speculations that she was a lesbian. This however was never openly stated by her and she actually opposed women's wearing masculine clothing and even feminism and the suffragette movement.

Abbéma died in Paris in 1927. At the end of the 20th century, as contributions by women to the arts in past centuries received more critical and historical attention, her works have been enjoying a renewed popularity. Abbéma was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900.

Biografiya

Abbema Essonna shtatidagi Étampes shahrida tug'ilgan. U mahalliy badiiy jamoa bilan yaxshi aloqada bo'lgan badavlat Parij oilasida tug'ilgan.[3] Uning buvisi aktrisa Luiza Kontat edi[4]. U yoshligidanoq rasm chizishni boshlagan va Charlz Joshua Chaplin, Jan-Jak Henner va Karol-Dyuran kabi davrning taniqli shaxslari qo'lida tahsil olgan. U birinchi marta 23 yoshida umrboqiy do'sti va ehtimol uning sevgilisi Sara Bernxardtning portretini chizganida o'z ishi uchun e'tirof etilgan.[5]

U boshqa zamonaviy taniqli shaxslarning portretlarini bo'yashni davom ettirdi, shuningdek, Parij shahar hokimiyati, Parij opera teatri, ko'plab teatrlar, jumladan, "Teatr Sara Bernxard" va Dakardagi "Mustamlaka gubernatori saroyi" ni bezab turgan panellar va devoriy rasmlarni chizdi. , Senegal. U akademik va impressionistik uslubga ega bo'lib, engil va tez cho'tka urishlari bilan rasm chizgan.[3]

U 1881 yilda Parij salonining doimiy ko'rgazmasi ishtirokchisi bo'lib, u erda o'z panellari uchun faxriy yorliq oldi. Abbema ham 1893 yilda Chikagodagi Butunjahon Kolumbiya ko'rgazmasida ayollar binosida ko'rgazmaga qo'yilgan ayol rassomlar qatorida edi.[6] Ekspozitsiyada Abbema haykaliga tushirilgan Sara Bernxard byusti ham namoyish etildi.

Abbema yog 'portretlari va akvarel bo'yicha ixtisoslashgan va uning ko'plab asarlari Xitoy va Yaponiya rassomlari, shuningdek, Edouard Manet kabi zamonaviy ustalarning ta'sirini ko'rsatdi. U o'z asarlarida ko'pincha gullarni tasvirlagan. Uning eng mashhur asarlari orasida “Fasllar”, “Aprel tongi”, “Konkord maydoni”, “Gullar orasida”, “Qish” va aktrisa Jan Samari, Braziliya imperatori Dom Pedro II, Ferdinand de Lesseps va Charlz Garnierning portretlari bor.[7]

Abbema, shuningdek, mohir matbaachi, haykaltarosh va dizayner, shuningdek Gazette des Beaux-Arts va L'Art jurnallariga muntazam ravishda hissa qo'shgan yozuvchi edi.[7] Shuningdek, u bir nechta kitoblarni, jumladan, la mer, René Maizeroyni tasvirlagan.[manba kerak]

Abbemaga berilgan ko'plab unvonlar orasida Palme Akademik, 1887[8] va "Uchinchi respublikaning rasmiy rassomi" nominatsiyasi ham bor edi. U 1900 yilgi Universelle ko'rgazmasida bronza medali bilan taqdirlangan. 1906 yilda u Legion d'Honneur ordeni chevaleri sifatida taqdirlangan.

U hech qachon turmushga chiqmagan va uzoq vaqtdan beri u lezbiyen bo'lgan degan taxminlar mavjud. Biroq, bu haqda u hech qachon ochiq aytmagan va u ayollarning erkakcha kiyim kiyishiga, hatto feminizmga va suffragetlar harakatiga qarshi chiqqan.[9]

Abbema 1927 yilda Parijda vafot etdi.[2] 20-asrning oxirida, o'tgan asrlarda ayollarning san'atga qo'shgan hissasi ko'proq tanqidiy va tarixiy e'tiborga sazovor bo'lganligi sababli, uning asarlari qayta mashhurlikka erishdi. Abbema 2018-yilgi “Ayollar Parijdagi 1850-1900” koʻrgazmasiga kiritilgan.[10]