Gavharshod masjididagi isyon

Sanalar	1935-yil avgust
Natija	Qamal qilingan tinch aholini qirg'in qilish
Hududiy; oʻzgarishlar	Gavharshod masjidi, Imom Rizo ziyoratgohi, Mashhad, Eron

Gavharshod masjididagi isyon
Sanalar	1935-yil avgust
Natija	Qamal qilingan tinch aholini qirg'in qilish
Hududiy; oʻzgarishlar	Gavharshod masjidi, Imom Rizo ziyoratgohi, Mashhad, Eron

Goharshod masjididagi isyon (forscha: شورش مسجد گوهرشاد) 1935-yil avgust oyida^[1], Eronning Mashhad shahridagi Imom Rizo ziyoratgohida Pahlaviylar sulolasidan boʻlgan Rizoshohning gʻarbiylashtirish va dunyoviylik siyosatiga qarshi norozilik avj olgan davrda yuz bergan.

Bu holat tarixda „qonli voqea“ sifatida tasvirlangan^[2].

Sabablari

Shohning shia jamiyatiga qarshi gʻarbiylashtirish boʻyicha zoʻravonlik harakati 1935-yilning yozida Rizo Shoh anʼanaviy islom kiyimlarini taʼqiqlab^[3], barcha erkaklarga yevropacha shlyapa kiyishni buyurgan vaqtida adovat avj olgan^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9].

Hodisa

Bu voqea 1935-yilda Rizoshohning xalqni islomdan chiqarish harakatlariga javoban yuz bergan. Ruhoniylar Shohning „bid’atchi“ yangiliklarini, gʻarblashtirishni, korrupsiyani qoralagan, koʻplab savdogarlar va mahalliy aholi mazkur ziyoratgohdan panoh topgan, „Shoh – yangi Yaziddir“ kabi shiorlarni aytib, uni Umaviylar xalifalarga oʻxshatishgan.

Toʻrt kun davomida mahalliy politsiya va armiya ziyoratgohni buzishdan bosh tortgan. Eronning Ozarbayjon viloyatidan qoʻshinlar yetib kelib, ziyoratgohga bostirib kirgach^[10], oʻnlab odamlarni oʻldirilgan, yuzlab odamlarni yaralangan va shia ruhoniylari bilan Shoh oʻrtasidagi soʻnggi ayrilish amalga oshirilishi bilan toʻqnashuv nihoyasiga yetgan^[11].

Zararlari

Boqir al-Ulum ilmiy-tadqiqot institutining raqamlarni ataylab boʻrttirib koʻrsatganlik ehtimoli yuqori boʻlgan hisobotiga koʻra, Rizoshoh qoʻshinlari tomonidan oʻldirilganlar soni 2000-5000 nafar orasida boʻlgan. Britaniya hisobotiga koʻra, bu raqamlarni ataylab kam qilib koʻrsatilgan boʻlishi mumkin, hodisa natijasida 2 ta armiya zobiti va 18 nafar askar halok boʻlgan, 2 ta askar itoatsizligi uchun oʻsha joyning oʻzida qatl etilgan, 1 nafar askar oʻz joniga qasd qilgan, qishloq aholisidan 800-1200 nafar inson oʻldirilgan, 100-500 nafar inson yarador qilingan va 800 nafari hibsga olingan^[12].

Yana qarang

Manbalar

↑ Farrokh, Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500-1988 (en). Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011-12-20 — 264-bet. ISBN 978-1-78096-240-5.
↑ Hovsepian-Bearce, Yvette. The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran (en). Routledge, 2015 — 44-bet. ISBN 9781317605829. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 15-yanvar.
↑ „Guel Kohan“. Talash-online. 2012-yil 17-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 17-yanvar.
↑ Milani, Farzaneh (1992). Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers, Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, pp. 19, 34–37, ISBN 9780815602668
↑ Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2001). Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 209–213, 217–218, ISBN 9780813021119
↑ Katouzian, Homa (2003). "2. Riza Shah's Political Legitimacy and Social Base, 1921–1941" in Cronin, Stephanie: The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921–1941, pp. 15–37, London; New York: Routledge; Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9780415302845
↑ Katouzian, Homa (2004). "1. State and Society under Reza Shah" in Atabaki, Touraj; Zürcher, Erik-Jan: Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernisation in Turkey and Iran, 1918–1942, pp. 13–43, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, ISBN 9781860644269
↑ Katouzian, Homa (2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis, 2nd ed, Library of modern Middle East studies, Vol. 28, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, pp. 33–34, 335–336, ISBN 9781845112721
↑ Beeman, William Orman (2008). The Great Satan vs. the Mad Mullahs: How the United States and Iran Demonize Each Other, 2nd ed, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 108, 152, ISBN 9780226041476
↑ Ervand, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.94
↑ Bakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs : Iran and the Islamic Revolution by Shaul, Bakhash, Basic Books, c1984, p.22
↑ Ward, S.R.. Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Georgetown University Press, 2009 — 140-bet. ISBN 9781589015876. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 10-aprel.

[1] Farrokh, Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500-1988 (en). Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011-12-20 — 264-bet. ISBN 978-1-78096-240-5.

[Rout-2] Hovsepian-Bearce, Yvette. The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran (en). Routledge, 2015 — 44-bet. ISBN 9781317605829. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 15-yanvar.

[Talash1-3] „Guel Kohan“. Talash-online. 2012-yil 17-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 17-yanvar.

[Milani-4] Milani, Farzaneh (1992). Veils and Words: The Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers, Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, pp. 19, 34–37, ISBN 9780815602668

[Majd-5] Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2001). Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921–1941, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 209–213, 217–218, ISBN 9780813021119

[Katouzian3-6] Katouzian, Homa (2003). "2. Riza Shah's Political Legitimacy and Social Base, 1921–1941" in Cronin, Stephanie: The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society under Riza Shah, 1921–1941, pp. 15–37, London; New York: Routledge; Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9780415302845

[Katouzian4-7] Katouzian, Homa (2004). "1. State and Society under Reza Shah" in Atabaki, Touraj; Zürcher, Erik-Jan: Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernisation in Turkey and Iran, 1918–1942, pp. 13–43, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, ISBN 9781860644269

[Katouzian6-8] Katouzian, Homa (2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis, 2nd ed, Library of modern Middle East studies, Vol. 28, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, pp. 33–34, 335–336, ISBN 9781845112721

[Beeman-9] Beeman, William Orman (2008). The Great Satan vs. the Mad Mullahs: How the United States and Iran Demonize Each Other, 2nd ed, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 108, 152, ISBN 9780226041476

[10] Ervand, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.94

[11] Bakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs : Iran and the Islamic Revolution by Shaul, Bakhash, Basic Books, c1984, p.22

[ward-12] Ward, S.R.. Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Georgetown University Press, 2009 — 140-bet. ISBN 9781589015876. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 10-aprel.

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