Ann Richards

Ann Richards
Texas shtatining 45- gubernatori
	Mansab davri; 1991-yil 15-yanvar – 1995-yil 17-yanvar
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Tavalludi	Dorothy Ann Willis; 1-sentyabr 1933-yil; Lakeview, Texas, AQSh
Vafoti	2006-yil 13-sentyabr (73 yoshda) ; Austin, Texas, AQSh
Siyosiy partiyasi	Demokratik
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Dave Richards
Bolalari	4 ta
Taʼlim	Baylor universiteti (BA) Texas universiteti, Ostin

Dorothy Ann Richards (1933-yil 1-sentyabr — 2006-yil 13-sentyabr) amerikalik siyosatchi boʻlib, 1991-yildan 1995-yilgacha Texasning 45-gubernatori boʻlib ishlagan. U birinchi marta 1988-yilgi Demokratik Milliy Konventsiyada asosiy nutq soʻzlaganida Texas shtati gʻaznachisi sifatida milliy eʼtiborni tortdi. Richards Texasning ikkinchi ayol gubernatori (birinchisi Miriam A. Fergyuson) boʻlib, ommaviy axborot vositalarida oʻzining ochiq feminizmi va oʻzining bir layneri uchun tez-tez eʼtirof etilgan^[1].

Texasning McLennan okrugida tugʻilgan Richards Baylor universitetini tugatgandan soʻng maktab oʻqituvchisi boʻldi. U 1976-yilda Travis okrugi komissarlari sudiga saylovda gʻalaba qozondi va 1983-yilda Texas shtati gʻaznachisi lavozimini egalladi. U Demokratik partiyaning 1984-yilgi Milliy qurultoyida Valter Mondeyl uchun nomzodlik nutqi va 1988-yilgi Demokratik Milliy qurultoyda asosiy nutq soʻzladi^[2].

Richards 1990-yilgi Texas gubernatorligiga saylovda gʻalaba qozonib, Demokratik partiyaning dastlabki ikkinchi bosqichida Texas Bosh prokurori Jim Mattoxni va umumiy saylovda biznesmen Clayton Williamsni magʻlub etdi. U 1994-yilda Texas gubernatorligiga saylovda George Bush tomonidan magʻlub boʻlgan. U 2006-yilda vafotigacha jamoat hayotida faol boʻldi^[3].

Yoshligi

Richards Texasning McLennan okrugida, Leykvyuda Robert Cecil Willis va Mildred Iona Warrenning yagona farzandi boʻlib tugʻilgan. U Vakoda oʻsgan, Qizlar shtatida qatnashgan va 1950-yilda Vako oʻrta maktabini tamomlagan. U Baylor universitetida bahs-munozaralar jamoasi stipendiyasi boʻyicha oʻqigan va bakalavr darajasini olgan. Oʻrta maktabdagi sevgilisi David „Dave“ Richardsga turmushga chiqqandan soʻng, u Ostinga koʻchib oʻtdi va u yerda Texas universitetida oʻqituvchilik sertifikatini oldi. David va Ann Richardsning toʻrt farzandi bor edi: Cecil, Daniel, Clarke va Ellen^[4].

Siyosiy martabasi

1970-yillarga kelib, Richards demokratlardan Sarah Weddington va Vilgelmina Delkoni Texas qonun chiqaruvchi organiga saylash ustida ishlagan va ayol nomzodlar va menejerlar uchun saylovoldi tashviqoti texnikasi boʻyicha shtat boʻylab treninglar oʻtkazgan mohir siyosiy xodim edi. U 1978-yilda Xyustonda boʻlib oʻtgan Milliy ayollar konferensiyasi delegatlariga tuzatishni taqdim etib, AQSh Konstitutsiyasiga Teng huquqlar toʻgʻrisidagi tuzatishni ratifikatsiya qilishni qoʻllab-quvvatladi, ammo bu tuzatish Konstitutsiyaning bir qismi boʻlish uchun yetarli darajada shtatlar tomonidan hech qachon ratifikatsiya qilinmadi^[5].

1976-yilda Richards toʻrt aʼzodan iborat Travis okrugi komissarlari sudida uch muddatli amaldorga qarshi chiqdi va uni magʻlub etdi. U 1980-yilgi saylovda gʻalaba qozonish uchun Liberal raqibi Laurel Freemanga qarshi 81,4 foiz ovoz oldi. Bu vaqt ichida uning nikohi tugadi. Richardsning ichkilikbozligi yanada aniqroq boʻldi va u 1980-yilda alkogolizmdan davolanishni boshladi^[6].

Manbalar

↑ Holley, Joe. „Former Texas Governor Ann Richards Dies“. The Washington Post (14-sentyabr 2006-yil).
↑ The line originated in a 1982 Frank and Ernest cartoon by Bob Thaves as, „Sure he was great, but donʼt forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards… and in high heels.“ On the internet and in many publications the line is incorrectly attributed to Faith Whittlesey (see „List of Websites That Have Attributed Thaves' Line to Whittlesey“. Qaraldi: 25-iyul 2009-yil.). Ann Richards popularized the line by using it in this speech but she credits Linda Ellerbee with giving her the line, and Ellerbee credits an anonymous passenger on an airplane with giving her the line (see Keyes, Ralph (2006).. „The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When“. St. Martin's Griffin (30-may 2006-yil), s. 77.). The official Ginger Rogers website (Wayback Machine saytida August 3, 2009, sanasida arxivlangan) attributes the line to Thaves.
↑ The comment was a combination of two American idioms: a man born into wealth is described as „born with a silver spoon in his mouth“, and a man who embarrasses himself while speaking is described as „putting his foot in his mouth“. A similar line had been used by Mary Wickes, Richard Dawson, and Betty White on an episode of Match Game '76, in which they were asked to fill in a phrase stating that President Ford was „born with a silver _______ in his mouth“, and all three suggested „foot“. The line was also used in M*A*S*H episode 180, „Nurse Doctor“, originally aired on October 29, 1979.
↑ Michael E. Eidenmuller. „Ann Richards – Democratic National Convention Keynote Address“. American Rhetoric (19-iyul 1988-yil). Qaraldi: 24-aprel 2013-yil.
↑ „Texas Candidate's Comment About Rape Causes a Furor“. The New York Times (26-mart 1990-yil).
↑ „Ann Richards in My Living Room“. www.pamstonewriter.com. 19-yanvar 2019-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 19-avgust 2022-yil.

[1] Holley, Joe. „Former Texas Governor Ann Richards Dies“. The Washington Post (14-sentyabr 2006-yil).

[2] The line originated in a 1982 Frank and Ernest cartoon by Bob Thaves as, „Sure he was great, but donʼt forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards… and in high heels.“ On the internet and in many publications the line is incorrectly attributed to Faith Whittlesey (see „List of Websites That Have Attributed Thaves' Line to Whittlesey“. Qaraldi: 25-iyul 2009-yil.). Ann Richards popularized the line by using it in this speech but she credits Linda Ellerbee with giving her the line, and Ellerbee credits an anonymous passenger on an airplane with giving her the line (see Keyes, Ralph (2006).. „The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When“. St. Martin's Griffin (30-may 2006-yil), s. 77.). The official Ginger Rogers website (Wayback Machine saytida August 3, 2009, sanasida arxivlangan) attributes the line to Thaves.

[3] The comment was a combination of two American idioms: a man born into wealth is described as „born with a silver spoon in his mouth“, and a man who embarrasses himself while speaking is described as „putting his foot in his mouth“. A similar line had been used by Mary Wickes, Richard Dawson, and Betty White on an episode of Match Game '76, in which they were asked to fill in a phrase stating that President Ford was „born with a silver _______ in his mouth“, and all three suggested „foot“. The line was also used in M*A*S*H episode 180, „Nurse Doctor“, originally aired on October 29, 1979.

[4] Michael E. Eidenmuller. „Ann Richards – Democratic National Convention Keynote Address“. American Rhetoric (19-iyul 1988-yil). Qaraldi: 24-aprel 2013-yil.

[5] „Texas Candidate's Comment About Rape Causes a Furor“. The New York Times (26-mart 1990-yil).

[6] „Ann Richards in My Living Room“. www.pamstonewriter.com. 19-yanvar 2019-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 19-avgust 2022-yil.

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