Choy partiyasi

Choy bazmi - tushdan keyin o'tkaziladigan ijtimoiy yig'ilish tadbiridir. Asrlar davomida ko'plab jamiyatlar tushda kompaniya bilan choy ichishni qadrlashadi. Choy partiyalari rasmiy ish uchrashuvlari, ijtimoiy bayramlar yoki tushdan keyin dam olish uchun qabul qilinadi ^[1] .

Dastlab, choy partiyasida, sut va shakar bilan birga choynakda bo'sh bargli choy berildi. Turli xil taomlar, jumladan sendvichlar, pirojnoe, tortlar, pishiriqlar va pechenelar choy bilan bir qatorda taqdim etildi. Choy partiyalarida beriladigan taom ma'lum bir mavsumga mos edi. Odamlar odatda qishda qattiq oziq-ovqatlarni, yoz va bahor fasllarida esa meva va mevalarni iste'mol qilishgan ^[1] .

Rasmiy choy partiyalari odatda chinni, chinni yoki kumush kabi obro'li idishlardan foydalanish bilan tavsiflanadi. Stollar salfetkalar va mos stakan va likopchalar bilan o'rnatilishi mumkin.

Ilgari tushdan keyin choy ziyofatlari muntazam ravishda o'tkazilgan. Holbuki, hozirgi vaqtda choy ziyofatlari an'anaviy tarzda choy va taomlar taqdim etiladigan yuqori choy restoranlaridagi ijtimoiy yig'ilish tadbirlariga aylanib bormoqda.

Tarix

Rasmiy choylar

Xabar qilinishicha , qirolicha Viktoriya Bukingem saroyida choy ziyofati uchun “16 ta shokoladli shimgich, 12 ta oddiy gubka, 16 ta fondan pechene” va boshqa shirinliklar buyurtma qilgan ^[2] . Peshindan keyin choy ziyofati Buyuk Britaniyadagi Viktoriya va Edvard davridagi va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi Oltin asrdagi, shuningdek, butun kontinental Evropada (Fransiya, Germaniya va Rossiya imperiyasi ) ajoyib uylarning xususiyatiga aylandi. Rasmiy choy ziyofati ba'zi badavlat Amerika jamoalarining debyutant choylarida bo'lgani kabi, bir voqea sifatida saqlanib qolgan.

An'anaga ko'ra, xizmatkorlar kerak bo'lgunga qadar xonadan tashqarida qolishdi ^[3] . Bu ijtimoiy konventsiyalarning qatʼiyligi bilan bogʻliq edi va tushdan keyin choyning samimiy tabiatini ham aks ettirdi. 18-asr muallifi Genri Fildingning “sevgi va janjal choyning eng yaxshi tantanasidir” degan kinoyasining haqiqatini isbotlagan holda, choy vaqtida xizmatchilarni mehmon xonasiga kirishni taqiqlash odati styuardessaning mehmonlar o'rtasida erkin suhbatlashish istagini ko'rsatadi. O'sha yoshdagi rasmiyatchiliklarning aksariyati, ayniqsa, Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin, iqtisodiy o'zgarishlar uy xizmatkorlarini kamdan-kam holga keltirganidan keyin yo'qoldi, ammo tushdan keyin choy hali ham samimiy suhbat va tetiklantiruvchi engil taom uchun yaxshi imkoniyat bo'lishi mumkin.

Qirolicha Yelizaveta II ning sevimli choy keklari asal va qaymoqli shimgich va shokoladli pechiyne torti edi. Choy sendvichlari dudlangan losos, tuxumli mayonez yoki jambon va xantalni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Qisqichbaqasimon uchburchak shaklidagi orkinos sendvichlari yog'li nonlarga yupqa toʻgʻralgan bodring bilan xizmat qilishi mumkin ^[4] .

"Choynik barabanlari"

Choynak barabanlari 18-19-asrlarda paydo bo'lgan va choy uchun norasmiy katta tushdan keyin ziyofatlardir. Choynak barabanlarida mehmonlar anʼanaga koʻra qisqa muddatga kelishdi va oʻz xohishlariga koʻra ketishdi, aralashib, ozgina rasmiyatchilik bilan suhbatlashdilar va choy, shokolad, limonad, shirinlik va sendvichlardan tanovul qilishdi. Mehmonlar oddiy kunduzgi tashrif uchun kiyinishlari kerak edi, lekin rasmiy emas.

Soxta xalq etimologiyasiga ko'ra, "choynak baraban" nomi Sharqiy Hindiston kompaniyasi hukmronligi davrida yoki Britaniyaning Hindistonni bosib olish davrida ingliz lager zobitlarining xotinlari tomonidan uyushtirilgan norasmiy choy yig'ilishlarida paydo bo'lgan, bu chog'da choynak barabanlari xizmat qilgani da'vo qilinadi. lagerlarda choy stollari ^[5]^[6] . Shu bilan bir qatorda, "choynak baraban" "baraban" - 18-asrda quvnoq ziyofat uchun jargon - va choy uchun "choynak" birikmasi bo'lishi mumkin ^[7] .

Odob qoidalari

Choy ziyofati odob-axloqi ma'lum bir vaqt va joyning odatlari va qabul qilingan xatti-harakatlar standartlariga bog'liq. 1900 odob-axloq qoidalari konservativ va qattiq gender rollari bilan bog'liqligini ko'rsatdi ^[8] . Erkaklar va ayollarning birinchi choy ziyofatlarida to'g'ri yurishlarida odob-axloq juda muhim edi ^[8] .

19-20-asrlarda qayd etilgan bir qancha odob-axloq qoidalari mavjud. Turli xil odob-axloq qoidalariga quyidagilar kiradi ^[9] :

Sabrli bo'lishni o'rganing ^[9]
Jahlingizni tiying ^[9]
Jahl bilan gapirishdan saqlaning ^[9]
Sukunat nutqdan qimmatroqdir ^[9]

Bolalar bayramlari

Choy partiyalari ba'zan yosh bolalar tomonidan o'tkaziladi, bu yerda mehmonlar to'ldirilgan hayvonlar, qo'g'irchoqlar, do'stlar (haqiqiy va xayoliy ) va oila a'zolaridan iborat ^[10] .

Elisning choy ziyofati

*Wonderland* dan aqldan choy partiyasi c. 1865, Jon Tenniel tomonidan tasvirlangan

Lyuis Kerrollning Elisning mo''jizalar mamlakatidagi sarguzashtlari, "Aqldan ozgan choy ziyofati" bobida Elis mart quyoni, qalpoqchi va bobning ko'p qismini uxlab yotgan uxlab yotgan Dormouse bilan birga choy ziyofatida mehmon bo'ladi. . Boshqa qahramonlar Elisga ko'plab topishmoqlar va hikoyalar beradi, shu jumladan mashhur " Nega qarg'a yozuv stoliga o'xshaydi?" ' . Shapkachi ular kun bo'yi choy ichishganini aytadi, chunki vaqt uni soat 18:00 da (choy vaqti) abadiy turish bilan jazoladi. Elis haqoratlanadi va topishmoqlar bilan bombardimon qilishdan charchaydi va u bu o'zi borgan eng ahmoqona choy partiyasi ekanligini aytib, chiqib ketadi ^[11] .

Global analoglar

Yum cha odatda restoranda o'tkaziladigan choy partiyasining xitoycha ekvivalentidir.^[12]
Nemischa " Kaffeeklatsch ", so'zma-so'z "qahva g'iybati" - bu tushdan keyin yig'ilish – qolipga ko'ra uy bekalari – bu yerda qahva yoki choy ichiladi, keklar yeyiladi va g'iybat almashiladi.

Yana qarang

Ma'lumotnomalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Norr, S. (October 2007) Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, 179(10), 66+. Quote: "Tea seeped in tradition: when one thinks of tea ceremonies, they are often assumed to be regal and stuffy events. Afternoon Tea is actually a casual pastime that is seeped in rich traditions; honored since centuries past."
↑ „Afternoon tea recipes with the royal seal of approval“. The Telegraph. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-sentyabr.
↑ „12. The Well-Appointed House. Post, Emily. 1922. Etiquette“. www.bartleby.com. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 10-noyabr.
↑ „Royal chef reveals the Queen's favourite meals“. The Telegraph. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-sentyabr.
↑ Martin, Judith. Miss Manners' Guide for the Turn-of-the-Millennium. Simon & Schuster, 1990 — 452–453-bet. ISBN 9780671722289. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-noyabr. „kettle drum party.“
↑ Farrow, Edward Samuel. Farrow's military encyclopedia: a dictionary of military knowledge. Military-Naval Publishing Company, 1895 — 152-bet. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-noyabr.
↑ Chambers, William; Chambers, Robert, muh. (20 November 1875). „The Kettle-Drum“. Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts. 4th series. № 621. 737-bet. Qaraldi: 17 November 2014.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 . doi:10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-21/pferguson/p9 http://dx.doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-21/pferguson/p9. Qaraldi: 2021-12-08. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (yordam); Missing or empty |title= (yordam)
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 ^9,4 Smith, Jordan (1969-12-31). „Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) and Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO) with Artemis Primary Sources (pp 340-343)“. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada. 52-jild, № 1. doi:10.33137/pbsc.v52i1.22273. ISSN 2562-8941.
↑ Strategies for including children with special needs in early ... - Page 144 M. Diane Klein, Ruth E. Cook, Anne Marie Richardson-Gibbs - 2001 "Helpful. Hint. The traditional tea party and feeding a doll are two of the most engaging ways of introducing children with special needs to pretend play."
↑ Gardner, Martin. "The Annotated Alice". Clarkson N Potter Inc, 1960, Chapter VII.
↑ Jolliffe, Lee (2007). Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations. page 56. "Yum cha, for example, is a traditional tea party and a family gathering that takes place in a commercial catering outlet."

[:1-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Norr, S. (October 2007) Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, 179(10), 66+. Quote: "Tea seeped in tradition: when one thinks of tea ceremonies, they are often assumed to be regal and stuffy events. Afternoon Tea is actually a casual pastime that is seeped in rich traditions; honored since centuries past."

[2] „Afternoon tea recipes with the royal seal of approval“. The Telegraph. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-sentyabr.

[3] „12. The Well-Appointed House. Post, Emily. 1922. Etiquette“. www.bartleby.com. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 10-noyabr.

[4] „Royal chef reveals the Queen's favourite meals“. The Telegraph. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-sentyabr.

[judithmartin-5] Martin, Judith. Miss Manners' Guide for the Turn-of-the-Millennium. Simon & Schuster, 1990 — 452–453-bet. ISBN 9780671722289. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-noyabr. „kettle drum party.“

[farrow-6] Farrow, Edward Samuel. Farrow's military encyclopedia: a dictionary of military knowledge. Military-Naval Publishing Company, 1895 — 152-bet. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-noyabr.

[chambers-7] Chambers, William; Chambers, Robert, muh. (20 November 1875). „The Kettle-Drum“. Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts. 4th series. № 621. 737-bet. Qaraldi: 17 November 2014.

[dx.doi.org-8] 8,0 ^8,1 . doi:10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-21/pferguson/p9 http://dx.doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-21/pferguson/p9. Qaraldi: 2021-12-08. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (yordam); Missing or empty |title= (yordam)

[:0-9] 9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 ^9,4 Smith, Jordan (1969-12-31). „Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) and Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO) with Artemis Primary Sources (pp 340-343)“. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada. 52-jild, № 1. doi:10.33137/pbsc.v52i1.22273. ISSN 2562-8941.

[10] Strategies for including children with special needs in early ... - Page 144 M. Diane Klein, Ruth E. Cook, Anne Marie Richardson-Gibbs - 2001 "Helpful. Hint. The traditional tea party and feeding a doll are two of the most engaging ways of introducing children with special needs to pretend play."

[11] Gardner, Martin. "The Annotated Alice". Clarkson N Potter Inc, 1960, Chapter VII.

[12] Jolliffe, Lee (2007). Tea and Tourism: Tourists, Traditions and Transformations. page 56. "Yum cha, for example, is a traditional tea party and a family gathering that takes place in a commercial catering outlet."

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