Gemella

Gemella karbonat angidridning yuqori qisman bosiminingeng yaxshi rivojlanadigan Gram-musbat bakteriya turidir.

Tarifi

Gemella turi birinchi marta 1938 yilda Neisseria hemolysans deb ta'riflangan^[1]. 1960 yilda shtammlar Neisseriyadan yangi turni talab qilish uchun yetarlicha ajralib turishi aniqlanganda, u yangi jins sifatida qayta ta'riflangan^[2]. Bu nom organizmga asoslanib taklif qilingan diplokok va gemellaning kichraytiruvchisi egizaklaridirrUlar fakultativ ravishda anaerob^[3],oksidaza va katalaza testlariga salbiy reaktsiyalar beradi. Ular fermentativ bo'lib, sirka va sut kislotalari aralashmasini yoki sirka kislotasi va Co 2 ning ekvimolyar molyar aralashmasini tashkil qiladi. Masalan, gemolizlangan kislorod yo'qligida sirka va sut kislotalari aralashmasini hosil qiluvchi glyukozani_{, kislorod bor bo'lgandasa sirka kislotasi va karbonot angdridni}hosil qiladi[4].

Klinik ahamiyati

Gemella bakteriyalari ko'pincha odamlar va boshqa hayvonlarning shilliq pardalarida, ayniqsa og'iz bo'shlig'ida va yuqori ovqat hazm qilish yo'lida uchraydi. Gemella gemolizis sistik fibrozi bilan kasallangan bemorlarning o'pka kuchayishida ishtirok etishi aniqlangan[1]. 2000 yilga kelib, odamlar ^[4] 15 holatda asosan, klapan kasalligi va tishlari yomon yoki tish manipulyatsiyasi bo'lgan erkaklarda qayd etilgan. Aksariyat holatlar penitsillin va gentamitsin kombinatsiyasi bilan davolandi.^[5] Bundan tashqari, bakterial vaginozda Gemella asacarolytica bilan bog'liq himoyalanmagan jinsiy aloqada OIV infektsiyasi xavfini oshadi.

Adabiyotlar

↑ Thjötta (1938). "Neisseria hemolysans. A Hemolytic Species of Neisseria trevisan". Acta Path. Et Microb. Scandinavica.
↑ BERGER, U. (1961-01-01). "A proposed new genus of gram-negative cocci: Gemella". International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 11 (1): 17–19. doi:10.1099/0096266x-11-1-17.
↑ „gemellus - Wiktionary“. en.wiktionary.org. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 31-oktyabr.
↑ Carmody, Lisa A.; Zhao, Jiangchao; Schloss, Patrick D.; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Murray, Susan; Young, Vincent B.; Li, Jun Z.; LiPuma, John J. (2013-06-01). "Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota at Pulmonary Exacerbation". Annals of the American Thoracic Society 10 (3): 179–187. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201211-107OC. ISSN 2329-6933. PMID 23802813. PMC 3960905. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3960905.
↑ Mosquera, J.D.; Zabalza, M.; Laniero, M.; Blanco, J.R. (2000). "Endocarditis due to Gemella haemolysans in a patient with hemochromatosis". Clinical Microbiology and Infection 6 (10): 566–568. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00136.x. https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-microbiology-and-infection_2000-10_6_10/page/566.

[1] Thjötta (1938). "Neisseria hemolysans. A Hemolytic Species of Neisseria trevisan". Acta Path. Et Microb. Scandinavica.

[2] BERGER, U. (1961-01-01). "A proposed new genus of gram-negative cocci: Gemella". International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 11 (1): 17–19. doi:10.1099/0096266x-11-1-17.

[3] „gemellus - Wiktionary“. en.wiktionary.org. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 31-oktyabr.

[4] Carmody, Lisa A.; Zhao, Jiangchao; Schloss, Patrick D.; Petrosino, Joseph F.; Murray, Susan; Young, Vincent B.; Li, Jun Z.; LiPuma, John J. (2013-06-01). "Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota at Pulmonary Exacerbation". Annals of the American Thoracic Society 10 (3): 179–187. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201211-107OC. ISSN 2329-6933. PMID 23802813. PMC 3960905. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3960905.

[5] Mosquera, J.D.; Zabalza, M.; Laniero, M.; Blanco, J.R. (2000). "Endocarditis due to Gemella haemolysans in a patient with hemochromatosis". Clinical Microbiology and Infection 6 (10): 566–568. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00136.x. https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-microbiology-and-infection_2000-10_6_10/page/566.

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