Kalpa Sūtra
Kalpa ( Sanskrit ) - Jain Tirthankarasning, xususan Parshvanatha va Mahaviraning tarjimai hollarini o'z ichiga olgan Jain matni . [1] An'anaviy ravishda Bhadrabahuga tegishli bo'lib, uni miloddan avvalgi 4-asrda joylashtirilgan, [2] ehtimol, Mahaviraning Nirvana ( Moksha ) dan 980 yoki 993yil o'tgach, yozma ravishda qo'yilgan.
Tarix[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Svetambara maktabiga tegishli Jain adabiy korpusining oltita bo'limi ichida u Cheda Sutralaridan biri sifatida tasniflanadi. Ushbu Sutra batafsil hayot tarixini o'z ichiga oladi va 15-asr o'rtalaridan boshlab ko'pincha miniatyura rasmlari bilan tasvirlangan. Bizgacha saqlanib qolgan eng qadimgi nusxalar 14-asrda gʻarbiy Hindistonda qogʻozga yozilgan.
Kalpa Sutra Bhadrabahuga tegishli bo'lib, an'anaviy ravishda uni Mahavira Nirvanasidan ( samadhi ) taxminan 150 yil o'tgach yozgan. [2] U, ehtimol, Dhruvasena hukmronligi davrida, Mahavira vafotidan keyin 980 yoki 993 yil o'tgach tuzilgan. [3]
Ahamiyati[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Kitob jayn rohiblari tomonidan sakkiz kunlik Paryushan festivalida oddiy odamlar uchun o'qilgan va tasvirlangan. Muqaddas bitiklarni faqat rohiblar o‘qiy oladi, chunki Jaynizmda bu kitob juda yuksak ma’naviy qadriyatlarga ega.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kalpasutra_Mahavira_Nirvana.jpg/220px-Kalpasutra_Mahavira_Nirvana.jpg)
Yana qarang[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Neminatha
- Parshvanatha
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Iqtiboslar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- ↑ Jacobi, Hermann. Kalpa Sutra, Jain Sutras Part I, Sacred Books of the East Müller: . Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1884.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 „Mahavira“. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (2006). 2009-yil 19-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Britannica" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kailash Chand Jain 1991.
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second-nashr), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26605-X
- Jain, Kailash Chand (1991), Lord Mahāvīra and His Times, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8
- "The Kalpa Sûtra" translated in English by Hermann Jacobi is published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers in Delhi in " The Sacred Books of the East" (Vol 22) (1989) ISBN 81-208-0123-7
Havolalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Tarjimalar