Koronavirus kasalliklari

Koronavirus kasalliklariga sutemizuvchilar va qushlarda kasalliklarni keltirib chiqaradigan RNK viruslari guruhi bo'lgan koronavirus subfamiliyasidagi viruslar sabab bo'ladi. Odamlar va qushlarda viruslar guruhi nafas yo'llari infektsiyasini keltirib chiqaradi, ular engildan o'limga olib kelishi mumkin. Odamlardagi engil kasalliklarga sovuqning ba'zi holatlari shamollash kabilar kiradi (bu boshqa viruslar, asosan rinoviruslar tomonidan ham kelib chiqadi), ko'proq o'limga olib keladigan navlar SARS, MERS va COVID-19 ni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. 2021-yil holatiga ko'ra, 45 ta tur koronavirus sifatida ro'yxatga olingan ^[1], 11 ta kasallik esa quyida keltirilgan.

Koronaviruslar o'zlarining shakli yulduz tojiga o'xshashligi bilan mashhur, masalan, to'liq quyosh tutilishi paytida ko'rinadigan Quyosh ; korona lotincha corōna so'zidan olingan , gulchambar, toj ma'nosini bildiradi.^[2] U Toni Uoterson ( Sent-Tomas kasalxonasi virusologiyasi professori) tomonidan koronavirus tadqiqotlarining asoschilari boʻlgan hamkasblari Iyun Almeyda va Devid Tyrrell bilan uchrashuvda ishlab chiqilgan va birinchi boʻlib 1968 yilda Nature maqolasi,^[3] Viruslar nomenklaturasi xalqaro qo'mitasi tomonidan uch yildan so'ng ma'qullangan.^[4]

Dastlab koronavirus kasalligi 1920-yillarning oxirida aniqlangan, ammo koronaviruslarning eng so'nggi umumiy ajdodi miloddan avvalgi 8000 -yillarda mavjud bo'lgan deb taxmin qilinadi.^[5] Inson koronaviruslari 1960-yillarda AQSh va Buyuk Britaniyada turli tajribalar orqali topilgan.^[6] Inson koronaviruslarining umumiy kelib chiqishi ko'rshapalaklardir deb taxmin qilinadi.^[7]

↑ „Taxonomy“ (en). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. International Union of Microbiological Societies. 2020-yil 20-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 21-dekabr.
↑ „Definition of corona“ (en). Dictionary.com. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-oktyabr.
↑ „Virology: Coronaviruses“. Nature. 220-jild, № 5168. November 1968. 650-bet. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..650.. doi:10.1038/220650b0. PMC 7086490. „[T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped ... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.“
↑ Lalchhandama, Kholhring (2020). „The chronicles of coronaviruses: the bronchitis, the hepatitis and the common cold“. Science Vision (inglizcha). 20-jild, № 1. 43–53-bet. doi:10.33493/scivis.20.01.04.
↑ „A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses“. Journal of Virology. 87-jild, № 12. June 2013. 7039–45-bet. doi:10.1128/JVI.03273-12. PMC 3676139. PMID 23596293.
↑ Monto, Arnold S. „Coronaviruses“, . Viral Infections of Humans (en) Evans: . Springer US, 1984 — 151–165-bet. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-4727-9_7. ISBN 978-1-4684-4727-9.
↑ „Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes“. Trends in Microbiology. 25-jild, № 1. January 2017. 35–48-bet. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001. PMC 7111218. PMID 27743750. „Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents [2].“

[1] „Taxonomy“ (en). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. International Union of Microbiological Societies. 2020-yil 20-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 21-dekabr.

[2] „Definition of corona“ (en). Dictionary.com. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 29-oktyabr.

[3] „Virology: Coronaviruses“. Nature. 220-jild, № 5168. November 1968. 650-bet. Bibcode:1968Natur.220..650.. doi:10.1038/220650b0. PMC 7086490. „[T]here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped ... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.“

[4] Lalchhandama, Kholhring (2020). „The chronicles of coronaviruses: the bronchitis, the hepatitis and the common cold“. Science Vision (inglizcha). 20-jild, № 1. 43–53-bet. doi:10.33493/scivis.20.01.04.

[5] „A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses“. Journal of Virology. 87-jild, № 12. June 2013. 7039–45-bet. doi:10.1128/JVI.03273-12. PMC 3676139. PMID 23596293.

[6] Monto, Arnold S. „Coronaviruses“, . Viral Infections of Humans (en) Evans: . Springer US, 1984 — 151–165-bet. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-4727-9_7. ISBN 978-1-4684-4727-9.

[7] „Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes“. Trends in Microbiology. 25-jild, № 1. January 2017. 35–48-bet. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001. PMC 7111218. PMID 27743750. „Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents [2].“

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