Mononuklear hujayralar

Periferik qonning mononuklear hujayrasi (PBMC) dumaloq yadroga ega boʻlgan har qanday periferik qon hujayralaridir.^[1] Bu hujayralar limfotsitlar (T hujayralari, B hujayralari, NK hujayralari) va monotsitlardan iborat, eritrotsitlar va trombotsitlarda esa yadrosiz, granulotsitlarda (neytrofillar, bazofillar va eozinofillar) koʻp boʻlakli yadrolar mavjud. Odamlarda limfotsitlar PBMC populyatsiyasining koʻp qismini tashkil qilsa, keyingi oʻrinda monotsitlar va dendritik hujayralar turadi (faqat kichik qismini tashkil qiladi).^[2]

Klinik ahamiyati

Oxirgi tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatadiki, PBMCs patogen infektsiyalarga^[3], masalan, Ureaplasma parvum, urealiticum, mycoplasma genitalium, hominis va Chlamydia trachomatis kabi infektsiyalarga sezgir boʻlishi mumkin. PBMCs virusli infeksiyalarga ham sezgir boʻlishi mumkin.^[4]^[5] Darhaqiqat, JC poliomavirusi va Merkel hujayrali poliomavirusli spontan abortdan zarar koʻrgan ayollarda, shuningdek, homilador ayollarda PBMClarda aniqlangan.^[4]^[5]

Limfotsitlar

Limfotsitlar umurtqali hayvonlarning immun tizimidagi oq qon hujayralari (leykotsitlar) turi hisoblanadi.^[6] Limfotsitlarning uch turi boʻlib, ularga tabiiy qotil hujayralar (NK hujayralar), T hujayralari (T limfotsitlar) va B hujayralari (B limfotsitlar) kiradi.^[7] Ular limfada joylashgan hujayraning asosiy turi boʻlgani uchun, "limfotsitlar" nomini olgan.^[8] Limfotsitlar aylanma oq qon hujayralarining 18% dan 42% gachasini tashkil qiladi.^[9]

T va B limfotsitlar

T hujayralari (timus hujayralari) va B hujayralari (suyak iligi yoki bursadan olingan hujayralar) adaptiv immun javobning asosiy hujayrali komponentlari hisoblanadi. T hujayralari hujayra vositachiligida immunitetda ishtirok etsa, B hujayralari esa, asosan, gumoral immunitet uchun javobgar. T hujayralari va B hujayralarining vazifasi antigenlarni tanib olish. Antigenlar aniqlangandan soʻng, hujayralar oʻziga xos patogenlarni yoki patogen yuqtirgan hujayralarni yoʻq qilish uchun kodlangan oʻziga xos javoblarni hosil qiladi. B hujayralari patogenlarga nisbatan koʻp miqdorda antitanalarni ishlab chiqaradi. Faollashgan, B va T hujayralar oʻzlari duch kelgan antigenlarning xotira hujayralari shaklida doimiy immunitetni shakllantirishi mumkin. Agar xuddi shu patogen yana aniqlansa, kuchli va tezkor javob berishga qodir. Bu orttirilgan immunitet deb nomlanadi.

NK hujayralar

NK hujayralari tugʻma immunitet tizimining bir qismi boʻlib, organizmni oʻsmalardan va virusli infektsiyalardan himoya qilishda katta rol oʻynaydi.^[9] NK hujayralari boshqa hujayralar, jumladan, makrofaglar va T hujayralari funksiyalarini modulyatsiya qiladi va I sinf sezuvchanlik reaksiyalarida qatnashadi.

Tajribalar

Immunologiya, yuqumli kasalliklar, gematologik oʻsmalar, vaksinalarni ishlab chiqish, transplantatsiya immunologiyasi va skrining sohalarida tadqiqot olib boradigan koʻplab olimlar PBMClarga tez-tez duch keladi. Koʻp hollarda PBMClar "qon banklari"dan olinadi. Saraton kasalligi bilan ogʻrigan bemorlarning PBMClari ekstrakti va in vitroda yetishtirilishi mumkin. Keyinchalik, PBMCs oʻsma ildiz hujayralari antigeni kabi sinovdan oʻtkaziladi. Yalligʻlanish sitokinlari odatda antigenni qabul qilish va PBMC tomonidan tanishga yordam berish uchun qoʻshiladi.

Manbalar

↑ Delves, Peter, et al. Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Ed. ISBN 978-1-4051-3603-7
↑ The impact of food bioactives on gut health : in vitro and ex vivo models. Verhoeckx, Kitty, 1970-, Cotter, Paul (Paul D.),, European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Organization). Cham. 2015-05-19. ISBN 9783319157917. OCLC 908392100.
↑ Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A (2018). "Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage". J Cell Physiol. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.26952. PMID 30078192.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion". Hum Reprod. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.27490. PMID 30590693.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Droplet-digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females". J Cell Physiol. 235 (3): 1888–1894. doi:10.1002/jcp.29213. PMID 31549405.
↑ Janeway C, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M (2001). Immunobiology (5th ed.). New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4101-6.
↑ Cohn, Lauren; Hawrylowicz, Catherine; Ray, Anuradha (2014). "Biology of Lymphocytes". Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 203–214. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-08593-9.00013-9. ISBN 9780323085939. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
↑ "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2020. A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and is found in the blood and in lymph tissue. The two main types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies, and T lymphocytes help kill tumor cells and help control immune responses. A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 Omman, Reeba A.; Kini, Ameet R. (2020). "Leukocyte development, kinetics, and functions". In Keohane, Elaine M.; Otto, Catherine N.; Walenga, Jeanine N. (eds.). Rodak's Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. pp. 117–135. ISBN 978-0-323-53045-3.

[1] Delves, Peter, et al. Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Ed. ISBN 978-1-4051-3603-7

[2] The impact of food bioactives on gut health : in vitro and ex vivo models. Verhoeckx, Kitty, 1970-, Cotter, Paul (Paul D.),, European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Organization). Cham. 2015-05-19. ISBN 9783319157917. OCLC 908392100.

[3] Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A (2018). "Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage". J Cell Physiol. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.26952. PMID 30078192.

[:0-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion". Hum Reprod. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.27490. PMID 30590693.

[:1-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Droplet-digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females". J Cell Physiol. 235 (3): 1888–1894. doi:10.1002/jcp.29213. PMID 31549405.

[6] Janeway C, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M (2001). Immunobiology (5th ed.). New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-4101-6.

[7] Cohn, Lauren; Hawrylowicz, Catherine; Ray, Anuradha (2014). "Biology of Lymphocytes". Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 203–214. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-08593-9.00013-9. ISBN 9780323085939. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[8] "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 22 July 2020. A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow and is found in the blood and in lymph tissue. The two main types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies, and T lymphocytes help kill tumor cells and help control immune responses. A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.

[:2-9] 9,0 ^9,1 Omman, Reeba A.; Kini, Ameet R. (2020). "Leukocyte development, kinetics, and functions". In Keohane, Elaine M.; Otto, Catherine N.; Walenga, Jeanine N. (eds.). Rodak's Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications (6th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. pp. 117–135. ISBN 978-0-323-53045-3.

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