Nitrofuranlar

Nitrofuranlar siydik yoʻllari mikroblariga qarshi ishlatiladigan antibiotik dori vositalarining bir sinfi hisoblanadi.^[1] Sinfga mansub dori vositalarining barchasida nitro guruhga ega furan halqasi tutadi.^[2] Ammo ushbu guruh dori vositalari buyrak infeksiyalari uchun samarali emas.^[3] Qabul qilish usuli ogʻiz orqali (oral yoʻl). Nitrofuranlar birinchi marta 1953-yilda sotila boshlangan. Nitrofuranlar Jahon Sogʻliqni Saqlash Tashkilotining asosiy dori vositalari roʻyxatiga kiritilgan.^[4]

Ishlash mexanizmi

Nitrofuranlarning taʼsir mexanizmi juda murakkab boʻlib, turlicha taʼsir yoʻnalishiga ega boʻlishi mumkin: 1) ribosomalarda oqsil sintezini ingibirlaydi 2) aerob energiya almashinuv jarayoniga taʼsir koʻrsatib, siklni buzadi 3) hujayra devori sintezini ingibirlaydi 4) mikroorganizmlar DNK siga bogʻlanib, ularning tuzilishini oʻzgartiradi, DNK va RNK sintezi jarayonlarini buzadi. Shuningdek, mikroorganizm turli fermentlariga taʼsir qiladi.

Qoʻllanishi

antiseptik sifatida

siydik ajratish yoʻllari infeksiyalarida (ammo, buyrak infeksiyalarida yordam bermaydi)

ichak infeksiyalarida (E.coli qarshi juda effektli)

Qarshi koʻrsatma

G6FD (glukoza 6 fosfat degidrogenaza) fermenti yetishmovchiligi hollarida bemorlarga ushbu guruh preparatlari tavsiya etilmaydi. Sababi ushbu holatda bemorlarda anemiya yuzaga kelishi mumkin.

Ichak disbalansida - bemorlarda normal mikroflorani yanada kamaytirishi sababli qoʻllanilmaydi.

Buyrak yetishmovchiligida.^[3]

Homiladorlik muddati 38 haftalikdan oshganda.^[3]^[5]

Nojoʻya taʼsirlari

Dozani oshirib yuborish asosan koʻngil aynishi va qusishni yuzaga keltiradi. Aynan shunday hollarda birinchi yordam sifatida qusishni stimullash va siydik haydovchi dori vositalarini qabul qilish tavsiya qilinadi. Haddan tashqari zararlanishlarda nitrofuranlarni dializ orqali olib tashlash mumkin. Bundan tashqari quyidagi nojoʻya taʼsirlar kuzatiladi:^[3]

Diareya

Nerv buzilishlari

Allergik qichima (dermatit)

Bosh ogʻrigʻi

Kamdan-kam hollarda uyqusizlik, oʻpka yoki jigar bilan bogʻliq muammolar sodir boʻlishi mumkin.^[3]

Dori vositalari

Nitrofuranlar sinfiga quyidagi dori vositalari kiradi:

Antibakterial dori vositalari

Nifurfolin

Nifurquinazol

Nitrofural (shuningdek, nitrofurazon sifatida tanilgan)

Nitrofurantoin - siydik yoʻllari infeksiyalarini davolash uchun ishlatiladigan dori vositalaridan biri.^[6]

Antifungal (antiprotozoy)

Furaltadon — antiprotozoy

Furazidine — antibakterial va antiprotozoy

Furaginum — antibakterial

Furylfuramide

Nifuratel — antifungal, antiprotozoy

Nifurtimox — antiprotozoy

Manbalar

↑ Chu, Pak-Sin; Lopez, Mayda I; Abraham, Ann; El Said, Kathleen R; Plakas, Steven M (2008). "Residue Depletion of Nitrofuran Drugs and Their Tissue-Bound Metabolites in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after Oral Dosing". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (17): 8030–8034. doi:10.1021/jf801398p. PMID 18698789
↑ Vass, M; Hruska, K; Franek, M (2008). "Nitrofuran antibiotics: a review on the application, prohibition and residual analysis". Veterinarni Medicina. 53: 469–500. doi:10.17221/1979-VETMED
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 "Nitrofurantoin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
↑ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
↑ Huttner, Angela; Verhaegh, Els M; Harbarth, Stephan; Muller, Anouk E; Theuretzbacher, Ursula; Mouton, Johan W (2015). "Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 70 (9): 2456–2464. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv147. PMID 26066581

[1] Chu, Pak-Sin; Lopez, Mayda I; Abraham, Ann; El Said, Kathleen R; Plakas, Steven M (2008). "Residue Depletion of Nitrofuran Drugs and Their Tissue-Bound Metabolites in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after Oral Dosing". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (17): 8030–8034. doi:10.1021/jf801398p. PMID 18698789

[2] Vass, M; Hruska, K; Franek, M (2008). "Nitrofuran antibiotics: a review on the application, prohibition and residual analysis". Veterinarni Medicina. 53: 469–500. doi:10.17221/1979-VETMED

[:0-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 "Nitrofurantoin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

[4] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[5] "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.

[6] Huttner, Angela; Verhaegh, Els M; Harbarth, Stephan; Muller, Anouk E; Theuretzbacher, Ursula; Mouton, Johan W (2015). "Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 70 (9): 2456–2464. doi:10.1093/jac/dkv147. PMID 26066581

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