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PET-MRI

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Pozitron emissiya tomografiyasi - magnit-rezonans tomografiya

Pozitron-emissiya tomografiyasi-magnit-rezonans tomografiya (PET-MRT) gibrid ko'rish texnologiyasi bo'lib, unda magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRI) yumshoq to'qimalarning morfologik tasviri va pozitron-emissiya tomografiyasi (PET) funktsional tasvirini o'z ichiga oladi.[1]

PET va MRI kombinatsiyasi R. Raylman tomonidan 1991-yilda doktorlik dissertatsiyasida tilga olingan.[2] Bir vaqtning o'zida PET/MR ni aniqlash birinchi marta 1997-yilda namoyish etilgan, ammo klinik tizimlarning savdoga kirishi uchun yana 13 yil va yangi detektor texnologiyalari kerak bo'ldi.[3]

Talablar

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Hozirgi vaqtda PET-MRIning asosiy klinik sohalari onkologiya,[4][5][6] kardiologiya,[7] nevrologiya,[8][9] va nevrologik ilmiy tekshirishklar hisoblanadi.[10] Hozirgi vaqtda yangi PET-MRI diagnostika usulining afzalliklarini tushunish uchun tadqiqot ishlari faol olib borilmoqda. Texnologiya MRI tomonidan taqdim etilgan to'qimalarning ajoyib strukturaviy va funktsional tavsifini metabolizmning PET tasvirining o'ta sezgirligi va noyob etiketli hujayra turlari yoki hujayra retseptorlarini kuzatish bilan birlashtiradi.

Ishlab chiqaruvchilar

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Bir nechta kompaniyalar klinik va klinikadan oldingi kombinatsiyalangan PET-MR tizimini taklif qiladilar, klinik tizimlar Philips, Siemens, GE kompaniyalaridan mavjud. Ikki texnologiyani birlashtirishga turlicha yondashuvlar mavjud. Ba'zi dizaynlar asosan alohida mashinalar bo'lib, bitta xonada, bemorni bir skanerdan boshqasiga o'tkazishi mumkin bo'lgan yotoq bilan.[11][12] To'liq integratsiyalashgan tizimlarga erishish texnik jihatdan eng qiyin, ammo bir vaqtning o'zida aniq moslashtirilgan xaridlarni amalga oshirish qobiliyati nuqtai nazaridan eng katta foyda keltiradi.[13][14]

Klinik tizimlar

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Birinchi ikkita klinik butun tana PET-MRI tizimi Philips tomonidan 2010-yilda Qo'shma Shtatlardagi Mount Sinay tibbiyot markazida va Shveytsariyadagi Jeneva universiteti kasalxonasida o'rnatildi. Tizimda aylanma yotoq bilan ajratilgan PET va MRI skanerlari mavjud edi.[15][16]

Siemens bir vaqtning o'zida PET/MR sotib olishni taklif qilgan birinchi kompaniya bo'lib, birinchi tizimlar 2010-yilda ko'chki fotodiod detektorlari asosida o'rnatilgan.[17][3]

Hozirgi vaqtda Siemens va GE to'liq integratsiyalashgan butun tanani va bir vaqtning o'zida PET-MRI tizimini taklif qiladigan yagona kompaniyalardir. Siemens tizimi (Biograph mMR) 2011-yilda mijoz sotib olish uchun CE belgisi[18] va FDA ma'qullashini[19] oldi.

GE tizimi (SIGNA PET/MR) 2014-yilda 510K va Idoralar belgisini oldi. 

Preklinik tizimlar

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Hozirgi vaqtda gibrid tomografiya usuli sifatida pozitron emissiya tomografiyasi (PET) va magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRI) kombinatsiyasi nafaqat uning paydo bo'layotgan klinik qo'llanilishida, balki preklinik sohada ham katta e'tiborga ega. So'nggi yillarda PET detektorlarining bir nechta turlariga asoslangan bir nechta dizaynlar ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ulardan ba'zilari birinchi preklinik tadqiqotlar uchun ishlatilgan.[20][21][22]

PET-KT bilan taqqoslash

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PETni rentgen kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) bilan kombinatsiyasi PET tasvirlashning eng keng tarqalgan texnologiyasidir. PET-KT va PET-MR bilan ham maqsadli afzallik PET tomonidan taqdim etilgan funktsional tasvirni KT yoki MRIdan olingan strukturaviy (anatomik) ma'lumotlar bilan birlashtirishdir. Turli xil skanerlash seanslarida to'plangan turli xil usullardagi tasvirlar tasvirni ro'yxatga olish orqali qoplanishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, bir vaqtning o'zida olish tasvirlarni yaxshiroq moslashtirish va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri korrelyatsiyani ta'minlaydi. Tasvirlash usullarini bitta skanerlash seansida birlashtirish, shuningdek, nurlanish sonini kamaytirish va shuning uchun bemorning qulayligini yaxshilash afzalligiga ega.[23][24]

Mustaqil KT yoki MR ko'rish o'rtasidagi tanlovga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan xuddi shunday klinik qarorlar, shuningdek, PET-KT yoki PET-MR afzal bo'ladigan joylarni ham aniqlaydi.[13] Misol uchun, MRI ning KT bilan solishtirganda afzalliklaridan biri uning yumshoq to'qimalarning yuqori kontrasti, KT esa MRIga qaraganda tezroq bo'lishining afzalligi.

PET-CT ga nisbatan PET-MR ning aniq afzalligi - olingan past umumiy ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish dozasi. Tanadagi PET-KT ilovalari uchun tekshiruvning KT qismi nurlanish dozasining taxminan 60-80% ni tashkil qiladi, qolgan nurlanish dozasi esa PET radiofarmatsevtikasidan kelib chiqadi.[25] Aksincha, MRIdan ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish dozasi olinmaydi. Shuning uchun PET-MR bolalarda, ayniqsa onkologiya yoki surunkali yallig'lanish sharoitida qo'llaniladigan ketma-ket kuzatuv tekshiruvlari uchun jozibador.[26]

Manbalar

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Andoza:Medical imaging

  1. ↑ Antoch, Gerald; Bockisch, Andreas (2008). „Combined PET/MRI: a new dimension in whole-body oncology imaging?“. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 36-jild, № S1. 113–120-bet. doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0951-6. ISSN 1619-7070. PMID 19104802.
  2. ↑ „Reduction of positron range effects by the application of a magnetic field: For use with positron emission tomography“.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Luna, Antonio. Functional Imaging in Oncology: Biophysical Basis and Technical Approaches. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013 — 421-bet. ISBN 9783642404122. 
  4. ↑ Buchbender C; Heusner TA; Lauenstein TC; Bockisch A; et al. (June 2012). „Oncologic PET/MRI, part 1: tumors of the brain, head and neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis“. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 53-jild, № 6. 928–38-bet. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.105338. PMID 22582048.
  5. ↑ Buchbender C; Heusner TA; Lauenstein TC; Bockisch A; et al. (August 2012). „Oncologic PET/MRI, part 2: bone tumors, soft-tissue tumors, melanoma, and lymphoma“. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 53-jild, № 8. 1244–52-bet. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.109306. PMID 22782313.
  6. ↑ Martinez-Möller A; Eiber M; Nekolla SG; et al. (September 2012). „Workflow and scan protocol considerations for integrated whole-body PET/MRI in oncology“. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 53-jild, № 9. 1415–26-bet. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.109348. PMID 22879079.
  7. ↑ Rischpler C; Nekolla SG; Dregely I; Schwaiger M (March 2013). „Hybrid PET/MR imaging of the heart: potential, initial experiences, and future prospects“. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 54-jild, № 3. 402–15-bet. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.105353. PMID 23404088.
  8. ↑ Dimou E; Booij J; Rodrigues M; et al. (June 2009). „Amyloid PET and MRI in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment“. Current Alzheimer Research. 6-jild, № 3. 312–9-bet. doi:10.2174/156720509788486563. PMID 19519314.
  9. ↑ Bremner JD; Vythilingam M; Vermetten E; et al. (May 2003). „MRI and PET study of deficits in hippocampal structure and function in women with childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder“. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 160-jild, № 5. 924–32-bet. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924. PMID 12727697.
  10. ↑ Cho, Zang Hee; Son, Young Don; Choi, Eun Jung; Kim, Hang Keun; Kim, Jeong Hee; Lee, Sang Yoon; Ogawa, Seiji; Kim, Young Bo (3-avgust 2012-yil). „In-vivo human brain molecular imaging with a brain-dedicated PET/MRI system“. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine. 26-jild, № 1. 71–79-bet. doi:10.1007/s10334-012-0329-4. PMID 22864642.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
  11. ↑ Torigian, Drew A.; Zaidi, Habib; Kwee, Thomas C.; Saboury, Babak; Udupa, Jayaram K.; Cho, Zang-Hee; Alavi, Abass (April 2013). „PET/MR Imaging: Technical Aspects and Potential Clinical Applications“. Radiology. 267-jild, № 1. 26–44-bet. doi:10.1148/radiol.13121038. PMID 23525716.
  12. ↑ „The Past, Present and Future of PET/MRI Scanners“. Imaging Technology News (2017-yil 5-may). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 15-yanvar.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Jadvar, Hossein; Colletti, Patrick M. (January 2014). „Competitive advantage of PET/MRI“. European Journal of Radiology. 83-jild, № 1. 84–94-bet. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.05.028. PMC 3800216. PMID 23791129.
  14. ↑ Mannheim, Julia G.; Schmid, Andreas M.; Schwenck, Johannes; Katiyar, Prateek; Herfert, Kristina; Pichler, Bernd J.; Disselhorst, Jonathan A. (July 2018). „PET/MRI Hybrid Systems“. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 48-jild, № 4. 332–347-bet. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.011. PMID 29852943.
  15. ↑ Wood. „PET-MRI scanner opens new frontier in medical imaging“. Medical Technology Business Europe (2010-yil 28-may). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 15-yanvar.
  16. ↑ Muzic, Raymond F.; DiFilippo, Frank P. (July 2014). „Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Review“. Seminars in Roentgenology. 49-jild, № 3. 242–254-bet. doi:10.1053/j.ro.2014.10.001. PMC 4451572. PMID 25497909.
  17. ↑ Zaidi, Habib. PET/MRI: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures, An Issue of PET Clinics. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2016. ISBN 9780323417686. 
  18. ↑ „Siemens receives CE mark for whole-body molecular MR system“. Healthcare Sector, Siemens AG (2011-yil 1-iyun). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-yanvar.
  19. ↑ „FDA clears new system to perform simultaneous PET, MRI scans“. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2011-yil 10-iyun). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 4-yanvar.
  20. ↑ Judenhofer, Martin S.; Cherry, Simon R. (2013). „Applications for Preclinical PET/MRI“. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 43-jild, № 1. 19–29-bet. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.08.004. PMID 23178086.
  21. ↑ Schulz, Volkmar. SiPM based preclinical PET/MR insert for a human 3T MR: first imaging experiments, 2011 — 4467–4469-bet. DOI:10.1109/NSSMIC.2011.6152496. ISBN 978-1-4673-0120-6. 
  22. ↑ Wehner, Jakob; Weissler, Bjoern; Dueppenbecker, Peter; Gebhardt, Pierre; Schug, David; Ruetten, Walter; Kiessling, Fabian; Schulz, Volkmar (2013). „PET/MRI insert using digital SiPMs: Investigation of MR-compatibility“. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 734-jild, № Pt B. 116–121-bet. Bibcode:2014NIMPA.734..116W. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.077. PMC 4376059. PMID 25843999.
  23. ↑ Kaplan. „PET/MRI: Reflections Two Years After FDA Approval“. Diagnostic Imaging (2013-yil 12-iyun). 2019-yil 16-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 16-iyun.
  24. ↑ „Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: the next generation of multimodality imaging?“. Semin Nucl Med. 38-jild, № 3. 2008. 199–208-bet. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2008.02.001. PMC 2762705. PMID 18396179.
  25. ↑ Martí-Climent, Josep M.; Prieto, Elena; Morán, Verónica; Sancho, Lidia; Rodríguez-Fraile, Macarena; Arbizu, Javier; García-Velloso, María J.; Richter, José A. (December 2017). „Effective dose estimation for oncological and neurological PET/CT procedures“. EJNMMI Research. 7-jild, № 1. 37-bet. doi:10.1186/s13550-017-0272-5. ISSN 2191-219X. PMC 5403773. PMID 28439843.
  26. ↑ Ehman, Eric C.; Johnson, Geoffrey B.; Villanueva-Meyer, Javier E.; Cha, Soonmee; Leynes, Andrew Palmera; Larson, Peder Eric Zufall; Hope, Thomas A. (November 2017). „PET/MRI: Where might it replace PET/CT?“. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 46-jild, № 5. 1247–1262-bet. doi:10.1002/jmri.25711. PMC 5623147. PMID 28370695. 
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