Józef Piłsudski

**Józef Klemens Piłsudski**
	;
	Mansabda boʻlgan yillari; 14-noyabr 1918 – 11-dekabr 1922;
Yordamchi(lar)	Ignacy Daszyński, Jędrzej Moraczewski, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Leopold Skulski, Władysław Grabski, Wincenty Witos, Antoni Ponikowski, Artur Śliwiński, Julian Nowak
Keyingi prezident	Gabriel Narutowicz
Tavalludi	5-dekabr 1867-yil; Zułów (litovcha: Zalavas), Litva, Rossiya Imperiyasi
Vafoti	12-may 1935-yil ; (67 yoshda); Varshava, Polsha
Siyosiy partiya	PPS; yoʻq
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Maria Piłsudska;; Aleksandra Piłsudska
Imzo

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (polakcha: ˈjuzɛf piwˈsutski ( tinglang), 5-dekabr 1867 – 12-may 1935) Polsha davlat arbobi, prezidenti (1918–22), marshali (1920-yildan) boʻlgan. Birinchi jahon urushi oʻrtalaridan u Polsha siyosatiga katta taʼsir koʻrsatib, Yevropa siyosiy sahnasining muhim shaxslaridan biri boʻlgan.^[1] U 1918-yili Ikkinchi Polsha Respublikasi yaratilishiga masʼul boʻlgan.^[2]^[3]^[4] Żeligowski isyonidan keyin Polsha Piłsudski boshchiligida Vilnusni bosib oldi, biroq Litvaning katta qismini yangi Polsha davlatiga qoʻsha olmadi.^[5]

Faoliyati boshida Piłsudski Polsha sotsialist partiyasi rahnamosi boʻlgan. Biroq Polsha mustaqilligi uchun nafaqat siyosiy, balki harbiy kurash ham olib borish kerakligini tushungani tufayli Polsha legionlarini tuzgan. 1914-yili u Yevropa urushi boshlanishini, Rossiya Imperiyasining Markaziy davlatlar tomonidan, Markaziy davlatlarning esa gʻarb kuchlari tomonidan yengilishini kutgan edi.^[6]^[7] Birinchi jahon urushi boshlanganida u va uning legionlari Avstriya-Mojariston va Olmon Imperiyasi tomonida Rossiyaga qarshi jang qildi. 1917-yili Markaziy davlatlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlashni toʻxtatdi.

1918-yil noyabrida Polsha mustaqil boʻlganidan to 1922-yilgacha Piłsudski Davlat Raisi (polyakcha: Naczelnik Państwa) boʻlgan. 1919–21-yillarda u Polsha qoʻshinlarini Polsha-Sovet urushida boshqardi. 1923-yili Polsha hukumatida Milliy demokratlar boshliq muxolifatlar yigʻilishi bilan u faol siyosatdan chiqdi. Uch yil oʻtib, 1926-yil mayidagi toʻntarilish ketidan yana mansabga oʻtirdi va de facto Polsha yetakchisiga aylandi. Varshavadagi Italiya elchisi unga „qadimgi ritsarlar kiyimidagi liberal demokrat“ deb baho bergan.^[8] Shundan soʻng Piłsudski vafotigacha (1935) asosan harbiy va tashqi siyosiy ishlar bilan shugʻullangan.

Oʻlimiga qadar oʻttiz yil davomida Piłsudski bir-birini toʻldiruvchi ikki strategiya: "Prometeizm", Rossiya Imperiyasi va Sovet Ittifoqini parchalashga harakat; hamda Polsha va qoʻshni mamlakatlardan iborat Dengizlararo federatsiya qurishga intilish bilan ish olib borgan. Ayrim siyosiy amallari ziddiyatlarga sabab boʻlgan esa-da, Piłsudski xotirasi Polsha vatanparvarlari tomonidan qadrlanib keladi.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Manbalar

↑ Plach, Eva. The Clash of Moral Nations: Cultural Politics in Pilsudski's Poland, 1926–1935. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8214-1695-2.
↑ p. 159.
↑ p. 249.
↑ Norman J.G. Pounds, "Poland," Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 22, Danbury, Connecticut, 1986, p. 318.
↑ Jozef Piłsudski and the Polish Independence – The Myth of the Commander
↑ Roos, Hans. A History of Modern Poland, from the Foundation of the State in the First World War to the Present Day, 1st American, New York: Knopf, 1966. OCLC 396836.
↑ Rothschild, Joseph. East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-295-95357-1.
↑ National identity and foreign policy: nationalism and leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine Ilya Prizel, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 60
↑ Torbus, Tomasz. Nelles Guide Poland. Munich: Hunter Publishing, 1999. ISBN 978-3-88618-088-2.
↑ Goldfarb, Jeffrey C.. Beyond Glasnost: The Post-Totalitarian Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-226-30098-6.
↑ Drozdowski, Marian Marek; Szwankowska, Hanna „Przedmowa“, . Pożegnanie Marszałka: Antologia tekstów historycznych i literackich (Polish). Warsaw: Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii—Komisja Badań Dziejów Warszawy Instytutu Historii PAN: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Typografika", 1995. ISBN 978-83-86417-18-6.
↑ Roshwald, Aviel; Stites, Richard. European Culture in the Great War: The Arts, Entertainment and Propaganda, 1914–1918. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-01324-6.

Havolalar

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[Plach-1] Plach, Eva. The Clash of Moral Nations: Cultural Politics in Pilsudski's Poland, 1926–1935. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8214-1695-2.

[2] . 159.

[3] . 249.

[4] Norman J.G. Pounds, "Poland," Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 22, Danbury, Connecticut, 1986, p. 318.

[5] Jozef Piłsudski and the Polish Independence – The Myth of the Commander

[6] Roos, Hans. A History of Modern Poland, from the Foundation of the State in the First World War to the Present Day, 1st American, New York: Knopf, 1966. OCLC 396836.

[7] Rothschild, Joseph. East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-295-95357-1.

[8] National identity and foreign policy: nationalism and leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine Ilya Prizel, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 60

[TT_NGP-9] Torbus, Tomasz. Nelles Guide Poland. Munich: Hunter Publishing, 1999. ISBN 978-3-88618-088-2.

[Goldfarb-10] Goldfarb, Jeffrey C.. Beyond Glasnost: The Post-Totalitarian Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-226-30098-6.

[Pozeg6-11] Drozdowski, Marian Marek; Szwankowska, Hanna „Przedmowa“, . Pożegnanie Marszałka: Antologia tekstów historycznych i literackich (Polish). Warsaw: Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii—Komisja Badań Dziejów Warszawy Instytutu Historii PAN: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Typografika", 1995. ISBN 978-83-86417-18-6.

[Roshwald-12] Roshwald, Aviel; Stites, Richard. European Culture in the Great War: The Arts, Entertainment and Propaganda, 1914–1918. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-521-01324-6.

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