Prunus virginiana

Prunus virginiana
	; ; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Oʻsimliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Rosids
	Rosales
	Rosaceae
	Prunus
	Prunus subg. Padus
	P. virginiana
Binar nomi
	Prunus virginiana; ; L.
	Kelib chiqqan hududi
Binar nomi
	List ; Cerasus virginica Michx. ex hort.; Padus rubra Mill.; Padus virginiana (L.) Mill.; Padus virginiana (L.) M.Roem.; Prunus virginica Steud.; Cerasus demissa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray, syn of var. demissa; Padus demissa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) M.Roem., syn of var. demissa; Prunus demissa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Walp., syn of var. demissa; Padus melanocarpa (A.Nelson) Shafer, syn of var. melanocarpa; Prunus melanocarpa (A.Nelson) Rydb., syn of var. melanocarpa; Padus valida Wooton & Standl; Prunus valida (Wooton & Standl.) Rydb.; Prunus virginalis Wender.; Prunus arguta Bigel. ex M. Roem.; Prunus canadensis Marshall; Prunus densiflora Steud.; Prunus duerinckii Walp.; Prunus dumosa Salisb.; Prunus fimbriata Steud.; Prunus micrantha Steud.; Prunus montana Hort. ex C. Koch; Prunus obovata Bigel.; Prunus rubra Ait. ;

Prunus virginiana, odatda achchiq meva chokecherry, Virjiniya qush gilosi va gʻarb chokecherrysi deb ataluvchi raʼnodoshlar oilasiga mansub gulli oʻsimlik turi. Vatani Shimoliy Amerika.

Tavsif

Chokecherry boʻyi 1-6 metrgacha oʻsadigan buta yoki kichik daraxt, kamdan-kam hollarda boʻyi 10 m (33 ft) yoki 18 m (60 ft) ga yetadi, poyasining qalinligi 30 centimetr (12 in)^[2]. Barglari oval, uzunligi 2.5–10 centimetr (1–4 inches), kengligi 1.2–5 cm (¹⁄₂–2 in) cheti tishli.

Gullari toʻpgullarda ochiladi. Toʻpgullarning uzunligi 4–11 cm (1 ¹⁄₂–4 ¹⁄₄ in) kech bahorda (barglar paydo boʻlgandan keyin), uzunligi oxir-oqibat 15 sm gacha yetadi^[3].

Mevalar danak meva diametri taxminan 6–14 mm (¹⁄₄–¹⁄₂ in), rangi yorqin qizildan qora ranggacha boʻlgan. Taʼmi bir oz nordon va achchiq juda oʻtkir taʼmga ega. Ular pishganida biroz shirinroq boʻladi. Ularning har birida katta danak bor^[4].

Chokecherry butasi

Kimyo

Chokecherries tarkibida antotsianinlar kabi antioksidant pigment birikmalari juda yuqori.

Oʻxshash turlar

Chokecherry Shimoliy Amerikaning sharqiy qismida oʻsuvchi qora gilos (Prunus serotina) bilan chambarchas bogʻliq boʻlib, uning boʻyi 30 m (100 ft) ga yetishi mumkin. Chokecherry bargi nozik tishli chetga ega va yuqorisi quyuq yashil rangda, pastki tomoni ochroq, qora gilos bargi chetida koʻplab toʻmtoq qirralarga ega va toʻq yashil va silliqdir^[5].

Taksonomiya

Chokecherry nomi Manchuriya gilosi yoki Amur chokecherry (Prunus maackii) uchun ham ishlatiladi.

Turlari

Prunus virginiana var. virginiana
Prunus virginiana var. demissa
Prunus virginiana var. melanokarpa^[6]

Tarqalish

P.virginiana Kanadaning koʻp qismini (shu, jumladan, Shimoli-gʻarbiy hududlar, ammo, Yukon, Nunavut va Labrador bundan mustasno), Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining koʻp qismini (shu jumladan Alyaskani, lekin janubi- sharqiy baʼzi shtatlarni hisobga olmaganda) va shimoliy Meksikani (Sonora, Chihuahua, Quyi Kaliforniya, Durango) oʻz ichiga oladi.

Kultivatsiya

Chokecherryning bir qator navlari mavjud. „Canada Red“ va „Schubert“ barglari binafsha rangga kirib, kuzda toʻq sariq va qizil rangga kiradi^[7]. „Goertz“ navining juda mazali mevasi bor.

Ochilgan gullar
Prunus virginiana var. virginiana
Prunus virginiana - chokecherry

Toksiklik

Mevaning danaklari zaharli hisoblanadi^[8]. Chokecherry otlar, ilgʻoqlar, qoramollar, echkilar, kiyiklar va boshqa hayvonlar uchun zaharli hisoblanadi. Barglari soʻligandan (masalan, sovuqdan keyin yoki shoxlari singandan keyin) keyin juda zaharli boʻlib qoladi, chunki soʻlish barg tarkibidagi siyanidni tashqariga chiqaradi. Barglarning oʻzi zaharli boʻlib^[9], taxminan 4.5–9 kilogram (10–20 funt) barglar halokatli boʻlishi mumkin. Zaharlangan otning belgilari ogʻir nafas olish va zaiflikni oʻz ichiga oladi.

Foydalanadi

Buyuk tekisliklar, Kanada va Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining tayga mintaqasidagi koʻplab indeys qabilalari uchun chokecherries anʼanaviy eng muhim meva boʻlib, asosiy taom boʻlgan pemmikaning bir qismidir. Chokecherry ildizining qobigʻi tubjoy amerikaliklar tomonidan shamollash, isitma va oshqozon kasalliklarini oldini olish yoki davolash uchun ishlatilgan^[10]. Chokecherry mevasi toʻliq pishganida yeyish mumkin, xom holatda meva tarkibida toksin mavjud^[11]. Meva murabbo yoki sirop tayyorlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin, ammo meva achchiqligi sababli konservalarni shirin qilish uchun shakar qoʻshish lozim^[12]^[13].

Chokecherry, shuningdek, sharob ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi^[14].

Madaniyat

2007-yilda Shimoliy Dakota gubernatori Jon Xyuven chokecherni shtatning rasmiy mevasi deb nomlash toʻgʻrisidagi qonun loyihasini imzoladi^[15].

Manbalar

↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Prunus virginiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T64133468A135957714. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T64133468A135957714.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
↑ Arno, Stephen F.. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees, field guide (inglizcha), Seattle: Mountaineers Books [1977], 2020 — 242–245-bet. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.
↑ Arno, Stephen F.. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees, field guide (inglizcha), Seattle: Mountaineers Books [1977], 2020 — 242–245-bet. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.
↑ Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
↑ Elias, Thomas S.. Edible Wild Plants A North American Field Guide. New York: Sterling Publishing, 1990. ISBN 0-8069-7488-5.
↑ Farrar, J.L.. Trees in Canada. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1995. ISBN 9781550411997.
↑ „Prunus virginiana--Chokecherry“. Michigan State University Extension. Michigan State University. 2001-yil 26-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
↑ Whitney, Stephen. Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf, 1985 — 423-bet. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
↑ Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
↑ Smith, Norman F.. Trees of Michigan and the Upper Great Lakes, 6th, Thunder Bay Press, 2002 — 81-bet.
↑ Benoliel, Doug. Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Rev. and updated, Seattle, WA: Skipstone, 2011 — 69-bet. ISBN 978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC 668195076.
↑ Gibbons, Euell. Stalking the Wild Asparagus. New York: David McKay, 1962.
↑ Peattie, Donald Culross. A Natural History of Western Trees. New York: Bonanza Books, 1953 — 540–41-bet.
↑ Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.
↑ Kindscher, K.. Edible Wild Plants of the Prairie: An Ethnobotanical Guide, 1987.

[iucn_status_18_November_2021-1] Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Prunus virginiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T64133468A135957714. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T64133468A135957714.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.

[2] Arno, Stephen F.. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees, field guide (inglizcha), Seattle: Mountaineers Books [1977], 2020 — 242–245-bet. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.

[3] Arno, Stephen F.. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees, field guide (inglizcha), Seattle: Mountaineers Books [1977], 2020 — 242–245-bet. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.

[4] Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.

[5] Elias, Thomas S.. Edible Wild Plants A North American Field Guide. New York: Sterling Publishing, 1990. ISBN 0-8069-7488-5.

[6] Farrar, J.L.. Trees in Canada. Markham, Ontario: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1995. ISBN 9781550411997.

[7] „Prunus virginiana--Chokecherry“. Michigan State University Extension. Michigan State University. 2001-yil 26-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[8] Whitney, Stephen. Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf, 1985 — 423-bet. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.

[9] Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.

[10] Smith, Norman F.. Trees of Michigan and the Upper Great Lakes, 6th, Thunder Bay Press, 2002 — 81-bet.

[11] Benoliel, Doug. Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Rev. and updated, Seattle, WA: Skipstone, 2011 — 69-bet. ISBN 978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC 668195076.

[12] Gibbons, Euell. Stalking the Wild Asparagus. New York: David McKay, 1962.

[13] Peattie, Donald Culross. A Natural History of Western Trees. New York: Bonanza Books, 1953 — 540–41-bet.

[:0-14] Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1974 — 52-bet. ISBN 0-8117-0616-8. OCLC 799792.

[15] Kindscher, K.. Edible Wild Plants of the Prairie: An Ethnobotanical Guide, 1987.

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Prunus virginiana



Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Oʻsimliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Rosids
	Rosales
	Rosaceae
	Prunus
	Prunus subg. Padus
	P. virginiana
Binar nomi
*Prunus virginiana* L.

Kelib chiqqan hududi
Binar nomi
List Cerasus virginica Michx. ex hort. Padus rubra Mill. Padus virginiana (L.) Mill. Padus virginiana (L.) M.Roem. Prunus virginica Steud. Cerasus demissa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray, syn of var. demissa Padus demissa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) M.Roem., syn of var. demissa Prunus demissa (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Walp., syn of var. demissa Padus melanocarpa (A.Nelson) Shafer, syn of var. melanocarpa Prunus melanocarpa (A.Nelson) Rydb., syn of var. melanocarpa Padus valida Wooton & Standl Prunus valida (Wooton & Standl.) Rydb. Prunus virginalis Wender. Prunus arguta Bigel. ex M. Roem. Prunus canadensis Marshall Prunus densiflora Steud. Prunus duerinckii Walp. Prunus dumosa Salisb. Prunus fimbriata Steud. Prunus micrantha Steud. Prunus montana Hort. ex C. Koch Prunus obovata Bigel. Prunus rubra Ait.