Vangiya shartnomasi

Toʻliq nomi: Vangiya shartnomasi ;
Turi	Noteng
Imzolangan sanasi	1844-yil 3-iyul
Tomonlar	Xitoy; AQSh
Tillari	Ingliz, xitoy

Vangiya shartnomasi (shuningdek, Vanxiya shartnomasi sifatida ham tanilgan; Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Xitoy imperiyasi o'rtasidagi tinchlik, do'stlik va savdo shartnomasi^[1]) - Qo'shma Shtatlar tomonidan Xitoyga qo'yilgan tengsiz shartnomalarning birinchisi. Diplomatik kelishuv shartlariga ko'ra, Qo'shma Shtatlar Xitoy bilan Buyuk Britaniya 1842-yilda Nankin shartnomasiga binoan erishgan imtiyozlarni oldi. Qo'shma Shtatlar qo'shimcha imtiyozlarga ega bo'ldi, jumladan, imtiyozli shartlarda sabotaj qilish huquqi va ekstraterritoriallikni kengaytirish. Xitoyning Sin sulolasi 1844-yil 3-iyulda Kun Iam ibodatxonasida AQSh bilan shartnoma imzoladi. Shartnoma keyinchalik AQSh Kongressi tomonidan qabul qilindi va 1845-yil 17-yanvarda prezident Jon Tayler tomonidan ratifikatsiya qilindi^[2] Vangiya shartnomasi 1943-yilda Xitoyda ekstraterritorial huquqlardan voz kechish toʻgʻrisidagi Xitoy-Amerika shartnomasi imzolangunga qadar rasmiy ravishda amalda boʻlgan.

Shartnoma nomi

Shartnoma Makao shimolidagi ibodatxona joylashgan Mong Xa yoki Van Xiya^[3] hududi nomidan olingan.

Shartnoma mazmuni

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari nomidan Xitoy bilan savdoda Britaniyaning ustunligidan xavotirlangan amerikalik savdogarlar bosimi ostida prezident Jon Tayler tomonidan yuborilgan Massachusets shtatidan yurist Kaleb Kushing ishtirok etdi.^[3] Shifokor va missioner Piter Parker Kushingning xitoy tili boʻyicha tarjimoni bo'lib xizmat qilgan. Sin imperiyasi nomidan Guangdun va Guansi provinsiyalari uchun mas'uliyatni o'z zimmasiga olgan Lyanguan vitse-qiroli Anahtaring ishtirok etgan.^[4]

Shartnoma Buyuk Britaniya va Xitoy o'rtasidagi Nankin va Boguye shartnomalaridan keyin tuzilgan, ammo batafsilroq ekanligi bilan ajralib turadi.^[3] Boshqa narsalar qatorida, u quyidagi qoidalarni o'z ichiga olgan:

Ekstraterritoriallik huquqi asosida xitoy sub'ektlari Xitoy qonunlariga muvofiq sudlanadi va jazolanadi. Amerika fuqarolari Amerika konsuli yoki bu borada vakolatli boshqa davlat amaldorlari hukmi ostida sudlanadi va jazolanadi^[3]
Shartnoma portlarida savdo bo'yicha qat'iy belgilangan tariflar
Beshta shartnoma portlarida yer sotib olish va u yerda cherkovlar va kasalxonalar qurish huquqi
Chet elliklarga xitoy tilini o'rganish huquqini^[5] taqiqlagan qonunni bekor qilish
Qo'shma Shtatlar eng ko'p ma'qullangan davlat maqomini oldi, natijada Qo'shma Shtatlar Xitoyning boshqa G'arb kuchlaridan ustunroq mavqega erishdi va 12 yildan so'ng shartnomani o'zgartirish huquqini oldi.

Qo'shma Shtatlar, shuningdek, Xitoy imperiyasiga Amerika kemalarini shartnoma portlaridan tashqarida harakatlanayotgan bo'lsa, musodara qilish vakolatlarini berdi va Amerika fuqarolari mos ravishda 3 va 33-moddalarga muvofiq afyun savdosi bilan shug'ullangan hollarda konsullik himoyasidan chiqariladi.^[3] Bundan tashqari, AQSh har qanday jinoyatchini Xitoyga topshirishga rozi bo'ldi. (Amerikaliklar afyun savdosiga arzonroq turk afyunlari bilan kirishgan va 1810-yilga kelib Kantondagi savdoning 10% ga yaqiniga ega bo'lgan. *^[6])

Manbalar

↑ http://lccn.loc.gov/12033773 Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America..., Library of Congress
↑ [1] Library of Congress, Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America...
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Cassel, Pär. Grounds of Judgment. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012 — 53-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-979205-4.
↑ Koon, Yeewan „The Face of Diplomacy in 19th-Century China: Qiying's Portrait Gifts“, . Narratives of Free Trade: The Commercial Cultures of Early US-China Relations Johnson: . Hong Kong University Press, 2012 — 131–148-bet.
↑ Article 18 of the treaty states, "It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and peoples of any part of China…to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labors... it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China."
↑ Layton, Thomas N.. The Voyage of the 'Frolic': New England Merchants and the Opium Trade. Stanford University Press, 1997 — 28-bet. ISBN 9780804729093.

Adabiyotlar

Kuo, Ping Chia. "Kalib Kushing va Vangiya shartnomasi, 1844-yil". Zamonaviy tarix jurnali 5, №. 1 (1933): 34–54. JSTOR orqali mavjud.
Swisher, Earl, ed. Xitoyning Amerika varvarlarini boshqarish; Xitoy-Amerika munosabatlarini o'rganish, 1841-1861, hujjatlar bilan. Nyu-Xeyven, CT: Uzoq Sharq assotsiatsiyasi uchun Uzoq Sharq nashrlari tomonidan nashr etilgan, Yel universiteti, 1953-yil.

Havolalar

Shartnoma bo'yicha muzokaralar to'g'risida, 1844-yil

[1] ttp://lccn.loc.gov/12033773 Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America..., Library of Congress

[2] [1] Library of Congress, Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America...

[cassel-grounds-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Cassel, Pär. Grounds of Judgment. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012 — 53-bet. ISBN 978-0-19-979205-4.

[4] Koon, Yeewan „The Face of Diplomacy in 19th-Century China: Qiying's Portrait Gifts“, . Narratives of Free Trade: The Commercial Cultures of Early US-China Relations Johnson: . Hong Kong University Press, 2012 — 131–148-bet.

[5] Article 18 of the treaty states, "It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and peoples of any part of China…to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labors... it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China."

[6] Layton, Thomas N.. The Voyage of the 'Frolic': New England Merchants and the Opium Trade. Stanford University Press, 1997 — 28-bet. ISBN 9780804729093.

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