Lilium longiflorum

Lilium longiflorum
Ilmiy tasniflash
	O‘simliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Bir urugʻpallalilar
	Liliales
	Loladoshlar
	Lilioideae
	Lilieae
	Lilium
	L. longiflorum
Binar nomi
	Lilium longiflorum; ; Thunb.

Lilium longiflorum (yaponcha: テッポウユリ, Teppōyuri), Pasxa nilufari nomi bilan tanilgan , Tayvan va Ryukyu orollari (Yaponiya) uchun endemik tur hisoblanadi. Tayvanda yaqin o'tmishgacha Lilium formosanumdan turli xil Pasxa guldastalari uchun foydalanilgan. Bu poyasi ildiz otgan nilufar 1 metr gacha oʻsadi. Unda bir nechta tashqi tomonga qaragan karnayga o'xshaydigan , oq, xushbo'y va gullari mavjud.

Xususiyatlari

O'simliklar bo'yi 50 centimetr (20 in) dan 1 metrgacha o'sadi.Ularning uzun oval barglari bor barg tomirlari gorizontal yo'nalgan. Apreldan iyungacha gullaydi poyaning tepasida dog'siz oq gullar hosil bo'ladi. Poyasi silindrsimon shaklga ega, diametri taxminan 5 centimetr (2.0 in) ga teng.

Kultivatsiya

Uning xilma -xilligi, L. longiflorum var. Ryukyu orollarida o'sadigan eksimiumdan balandroq va kuchliroqdir. Tabiatda u tartibsiz gullash davrlariga ega va bu etishtirishda foydalaniladi, bu uni Pasxa kabi muayyan davrlarda gullash uchun majburlash imkonini beradi. Biroq, uni yanada kengroq vaqt davomida gullash uchun induktsiya qilish mumkin. Bu nav ba'zan Bermuda guldastalari deb ham ataladi, chunki u Bermuda ko'p o'stirilgan.

Lilium longiflorum Pasxa gulfastalari sifatida tanilgan, chunki Xristianlikda u Masihning tirilishining ramzi hisoblanadi.^[1]^[2] Isoning O'zi gulga ishora qilganidek, "nilufar cherkovda doimo hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan" va shunday degan edi: "Liliyalarning qanday o'sishiga e'tibor bering: ular mehnat qilmaydi, yigirmaydi; va men sizga aytamanki, Sulaymon butun ulug'vorligi bilan. Ularning biriga o'xshab o'ralgan emas edi" (Luke 12:27).^[3] Bundan tashqari, taqvodor afsonaga ko'ra, " Isoning o'limi va tirilishidan so'ng, bu go'zal gullarning ba'zilari Getsemaniya bog'ida o'sayotgani topilgan, u yerda Iso xochga mixlanishidan oldin kechasi ibodat qilgan. Afsonaga ko'ra, bu gullar Iso ibodat qilganda ter tomchilari tushgan joyda o'sib chiqqan"^[4]^[5] Ko'pgina nasroniy cherkovlarida, kantsel Pasxa mavsumi davomida Pasxa guldastalari bilan bezatilgan.^[6]^[7] 1900-yillarning boshlarida Missis Xonimning " Pasxa guldastalari " nomli she'r ham yozgan.

1890-yillardan 1920-yillarning boshlarigacha Bermudadan Nyu-Yorkka gullar eksporti rivojlangan. Bermud gullariga kasallik ta'sir qildi: buni Lourens Ogilvi aniqlagan. 1903-yilda USDA qishloq xo'jaligi tadqiqotlari xizmatlari (ARS) kasallikdan xoli o'simlik materiallari va urug'larini tarqatishni boshladi. Agentlik naslchilik dasturini ham boshladi va 1929-yilda birinchi kichik navlardan birini tuvakda etishtirish uchun chiqardi^[8] USDA sa'y-harakatlaridan oldin, nilufar gullar asosan 1940-yillarga qadar Yaponiyadan olib kelingan. Pearl Harborga qilingan hujum va Pasxa gullari Qo'shma Shtatlarda juda qimmatli bo'lganidan keyin gullarini etkazib berish to'satdan to'xtatildi.

Hozirgi vaqtda Shimoliy Amerikada ishlatiladigan deyarli barcha Pasxa nilufar gullari Kaliforniyaning shimoli-g'arbiy qismida va Oregonning janubi-g'arbiy qismida, xususan, Smit-River shahrida (Kaliforniya) qirg'oq bo'yida o'stiriladi.

Kimyo

Pasxa zambaklari steroid glikozidlarning boydir.^[9] Bundan tashqari, 3,6'-diferuloilsukroz kabi zaharni o'z ichiga oladi.^[10]

Toksiklik

L. longiflorum mushuklar uchun toksikdir.^[11]^[12] Zaharlanishning haqiqiy mexanizmi aniqlanmagan, ammo u buyrakning o'tkir shikastlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan buyrak tubulali epiteliysiga (buyrak moddasini tashkil etuvchi va siydik chiqarish, to'plash va o'tkazish) zarar etkazishni o'z ichiga oladi. Nilufarning biron bir qismini, shu jumladan junga surilgan gulchangni yalab olgan gumon qilingan har qanday mushuk uchun shoshilinch ravishda veterinariya yordamiga murojaat qilish kerak.^[13]

Yana qarang

Nilufar deb nomlanuvchi o'simliklar ro'yxati

Manbalar

↑ Collins. „Easter Lily Tradition and History“. The Guardian (19-aprel 2014-yil). — „The Easter Lily is symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Churches of all denominations, large and small, are filled with floral arrangements of these white flowers with their trumpet-like shape on Easter morning.“. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil.
↑ Schell, Stanley. Easter Celebrations. Werner & Company, 1916 — 84-bet. „We associate the lily with Easter, as pre-eminently the symbol of the Resurrection.“
↑ Soares, Theodore Gerald. The Week of Our Lord's Passion. Hope Publishing Company, 1907 — 210-bet. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „The lily has always been highly regarding in the Church. Jesus said "Consider the lilies." The white lily is the symbol of purity. There is a peculiar fitness in the choice of this flower as an Easter emblem. Its bulb is hidden in the earth, and waits the coming of the Easter season to spring forth and blossom. Beautiful in itself it is still more beautiful in its sacred significance.“
↑ Hafer, Todd. Easter A to Z. Hallmark Cards, Incorporated, 2006 — 17-bet. ISBN 9781595301079. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „Easter lilies are, perhaps, the most famous holiday flowers of all time. Sometime after Jesus' death and resurrection, some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion. Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus' sweat fell as he prayed and became very sad about what was happening to Him.“
↑ Swenson, Allan A.. Flowers of the Bible: And How to Grow Them. Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2002 — 182-bet. ISBN 9780806523149. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „Christian tradition also says that lilies were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane after Christ's agony.“
↑ Luther League Review: 1936-1937. Luther League of America, 1936. „There were Easter lilies everywhere, on the platform in Sunday School, and the church was full of them, around the organ, along the chancel rail, inside the chancel, the whole front of the church seemed full of them.“
↑ Franklin, Estelle Eva. Home Science Magazine. Home Science Publishing Company, 1906 — 550-bet. „The Easter lily, the emblem of the Christian church for centuries, is probably more largely used for decoration of altar and shrine throughout the civilized world, in the festival of the Resurrection, than all other flowers combined.“
↑ „A Brief History of Easter Lilies and the Role of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center“. USDA-ARS.
↑ Munafo, JP; Gianfagna, TJ (2011). „Quantitative analysis of steroidal glycosides in different organs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) by LC-MS/MS“. J Agric Food Chem. 59-jild, № 3. 995–1004-bet. doi:10.1021/jf1036454. PMID 21235207.
↑ Shoyama, Yukihiro; Hatano, Koji; Nishioka, Itsuo; Yamagishi, Takashi (1987). „Phenolic glycosides from Lilium longiflorum“. Phytochemistry. 26-jild, № 11. 2965-bet. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84572-0.
↑ Langston CE (January 2002). „Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats“. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 220-jild, № 1. 49–52, 36-bet. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.49. PMID 12680447.
↑ Hall J (1992). „Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum) when ingested by the cat“. Proc Annu Meet Am Vet Int Med. 6-jild. 121-bet.
↑ „Lily poisoning in cats – Vet Help Direct Blog“ (2-may 2010-yil).

Qo'shimcha o'qish

Vidali, Luis; Hepler, Peter K. (1997). „Characterization and localization of profilin in pollen grains and tubes of Lilium longiflorum“. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 36-jild, № 4. 323–338-bet. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)36:4<323::AID-CM3>3.0.CO;2-6. ISSN 0886-1544. PMID 9096955.
Holm, Preben Bach (1977). „Three-dimensional reconstruction of chromosome pairing during the zygotene stage of meiosis in Lilium longiflorum (thunb.)“. Carlsberg Research Communications. 42-jild, № 2. 103–151-bet. doi:10.1007/BF02906489. ISSN 0105-1938.
Reiss, Hans-Dieter; Herth, Werner (1979). „Calcium ionophore A 23187 affects localized wall secretion in the tip region of pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum“. Planta. 145-jild, № 3. 225–232-bet. doi:10.1007/BF00454445. ISSN 0032-0935. PMID 24317727.

Havolalar

Media related to Lilium longiflorum at Wikimedia Commons
www.the-genus-lilium: Lilium longiflorum
[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=240001418 Lilium longiflorum in Flora of

[1] Collins. „Easter Lily Tradition and History“. The Guardian (19-aprel 2014-yil). — „The Easter Lily is symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Churches of all denominations, large and small, are filled with floral arrangements of these white flowers with their trumpet-like shape on Easter morning.“. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil.

[2] Schell, Stanley. Easter Celebrations. Werner & Company, 1916 — 84-bet. „We associate the lily with Easter, as pre-eminently the symbol of the Resurrection.“

[Soares1907-3] Soares, Theodore Gerald. The Week of Our Lord's Passion. Hope Publishing Company, 1907 — 210-bet. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „The lily has always been highly regarding in the Church. Jesus said "Consider the lilies." The white lily is the symbol of purity. There is a peculiar fitness in the choice of this flower as an Easter emblem. Its bulb is hidden in the earth, and waits the coming of the Easter season to spring forth and blossom. Beautiful in itself it is still more beautiful in its sacred significance.“

[Hafer2006-4] Hafer, Todd. Easter A to Z. Hallmark Cards, Incorporated, 2006 — 17-bet. ISBN 9781595301079. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „Easter lilies are, perhaps, the most famous holiday flowers of all time. Sometime after Jesus' death and resurrection, some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion. Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus' sweat fell as he prayed and became very sad about what was happening to Him.“

[Swenson2002-5] Swenson, Allan A.. Flowers of the Bible: And How to Grow Them. Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2002 — 182-bet. ISBN 9780806523149. Qaraldi: 20-aprel 2014-yil. „Christian tradition also says that lilies were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane after Christ's agony.“

[6] Luther League Review: 1936-1937. Luther League of America, 1936. „There were Easter lilies everywhere, on the platform in Sunday School, and the church was full of them, around the organ, along the chancel rail, inside the chancel, the whole front of the church seemed full of them.“

[7] Franklin, Estelle Eva. Home Science Magazine. Home Science Publishing Company, 1906 — 550-bet. „The Easter lily, the emblem of the Christian church for centuries, is probably more largely used for decoration of altar and shrine throughout the civilized world, in the festival of the Resurrection, than all other flowers combined.“

[8] „A Brief History of Easter Lilies and the Role of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center“. USDA-ARS.

[9] Munafo, JP; Gianfagna, TJ (2011). „Quantitative analysis of steroidal glycosides in different organs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) by LC-MS/MS“. J Agric Food Chem. 59-jild, № 3. 995–1004-bet. doi:10.1021/jf1036454. PMID 21235207.

[10] Shoyama, Yukihiro; Hatano, Koji; Nishioka, Itsuo; Yamagishi, Takashi (1987). „Phenolic glycosides from Lilium longiflorum“. Phytochemistry. 26-jild, № 11. 2965-bet. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84572-0.

[11] Langston CE (January 2002). „Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats“. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 220-jild, № 1. 49–52, 36-bet. doi:10.2460/javma.2002.220.49. PMID 12680447.

[12] Hall J (1992). „Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum) when ingested by the cat“. Proc Annu Meet Am Vet Int Med. 6-jild. 121-bet.

[13] „Lily poisoning in cats – Vet Help Direct Blog“ (2-may 2010-yil).

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