Yosh kitob almashinuvi

Young's Book Exchange birinchi afro-amerikalik kitob do'koni sifatida tanilgan. U New-York shahridagi 135 West 135th Streetda joylashgan edi^[1]. U 1915-yilda Jorj Young tomonidan asos solingan^[1], 1900-yillarda Pullman porteri boʻlgan va afro-amerikalik adabiyotining bibliofiliga aylangan. Uning kitob do'koni afro-amerikalik fuqarolar uchun "Adabiyot Makkasi" sifatida tanilgan^[1]. Ushbu kitob do'konida taxminan 8000-10000 jild mavjud edi^[2].

Ta'sischi haqida[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Jorj Yang Virjiniya shtatida yaqinda ozod qilingan ikki qul oilasida tug'ilgan. Keyinchalik u Ellen Tomas Yangga turmushga chiqdi va Sara Elizabet Yang ismli qizi bor edi^[2]. Young Pullman porteri bo'lib, temir yo'lda uxlayotgan vagonlarda yuk tashuvchi sifatida ishlashga yollangan. U butun dunyo bo'ylab turli odamlarga tanish edi, ulardan biri Frederik Duglas edi^[2]. Yosh, shuningdek, Jon Braun Memorial Assotsiatsiyasining milliy g'aznachisi va Sankt-Mark Metodist Episkop cherkovi Yakshanba maktabining boshlig'i edi^[2]. Young yurak xurujidan keyin 65 yoshida Sent-Lyuka kasalxonasida vafot etdi^[2].

To'plamlari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Afrikalik mualliflarning kitoblariga Ignatius Sanchoning eski maktublari va Olauda Ekviano yoki Gustavus Vassa hayoti kiradi. Ulardan tashqari yangiroq risolalar ham bor edi: Duse Mohamed, In the Land of Fir'avnlar ; Sol T. Plaatje, Janubiy Afrikadagi mahalliy hayot; JE Casely Hayford, Efiopiya Unbound, Gold Coast Native Institutions va G'arbiy Afrika erlari haqidagi haqiqat savol^[3]; Doktor Jeyms Africanus Beale Horton, G'arbiy Afrika mamlakatlari va xalqlari va Afrika irqining oqlanishi ; Jon Mensah Sarbah, Fanti odat qonunlari ; Bishop Samuel Adjai Crowther, Niger va Tshadda daryolari bo'ylab ekspeditsiya jurnali^[3]; Prof. Govard universitetidan Benjamin Brauli, Amerika negrosining ijtimoiy tarixi; Jorj V. Uilyams, Amerikadagi negro poygasi tarixi ; Uilyam Uells Braun, Qora odam, uning oldingi avlodlari, uning dahosi va uning yutuqlari va o'sayotgan o'g'il ;^[3] WEB Du Bois, Negro ; Joel Augustus Rogers, Superman to Man^[1].

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Rhodes-Pitts, Sharifa. Harlem is Nowhere: A Journey to the Mecca of Black America (en). Little, Brown, 2011-01-26. ISBN 9780316017237.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 „GEORGE YOUNG DEAD; HAD BOOK EXCHANGE; Former Pullman Porter Owned Volumes on Negro---Active for Betterment of Race.“ (en). timesmachine.nytimes.com. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 4-noyabr.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Moore, Richard B. „Africa Conscious Harlem“,. Americans from Africa. Routledge, 2017-07-12 — 385–404 bet. DOI:10.4324/9781315082493-25. ISBN 9781315082493.

[:0-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 Rhodes-Pitts, Sharifa. Harlem is Nowhere: A Journey to the Mecca of Black America (en). Little, Brown, 2011-01-26. ISBN 9780316017237.

[:1-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 „GEORGE YOUNG DEAD; HAD BOOK EXCHANGE; Former Pullman Porter Owned Volumes on Negro---Active for Betterment of Race.“ (en). timesmachine.nytimes.com. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 4-noyabr.

[:2-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Moore, Richard B. „Africa Conscious Harlem“,. Americans from Africa. Routledge, 2017-07-12 — 385–404 bet. DOI:10.4324/9781315082493-25. ISBN 9781315082493.

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