Abu al-Muhojir Dinor

Abu al-Muhojir Dinor; أبو المهاجر دينار
Ifriqiya hokimi
	Mansab davri; 674 – 681
Hukmdor	Muoviya I; Yazid I
Oʻtmishdoshi	Uqba ibn Nafiy
Vorisi	Uqba ibn Nafiy
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Vafoti	683 ; Tabuda, Jazoir
Faoliyati	Umaviylar xalifaligi
Janglari	Musulmonlarning Magʻribga istilosi Biskra jangi (683) †;

Abu al-Muhojir Dinor (arabcha: أبو المهاجر دينار) Umaviylar xalifaligi davrida Ifriqiya hokimi boʻlgan va musulmonlarning Magʻribni bosib olish uchun qilingan yurishlariga rahbarlik qilgan. 683-yilda Biskra jangidan keyin Tabuda shahrida vafot etgan.

Hayoti

Abu al-Muhojir asli arab^[1] yoki qibtiy^[2] boʻlishi mumkin^[3]. Ansorlardan Maslama ibn Muhalladning quli boʻlgan, keyinchalik esa ozod qilingan. Paygʻambar Muhammadning sahobalaridan boʻlgan Maslama birinchi Umaviy xalifasi Muoviya I tomonidan Misr va Ifriqiya hokimi lavozimiga tayinlangan.

675-yilda^[4] Maslama Abu al-Muhojirni Ifriqiyadagi Umaviylar qoʻshinlarining amiri yoki generali lavozimiga tayinlagan. Oʻsha vaqtda bu lavozimda Banu Quraysh qabilasining vakili Uqba ibn Nafiy xizmat qilar edi. Maslama Abu al-Muhojirga Uqbani hurmat qilgan holda uni lavozimidan ozod qilishni maslahat bergan, ammo katta ehtimol bilan al-Muhojir uning mu maslahatiga amal qilmagan, chunki Uqba kishanband qilinib, zindonga tashlangan va xalifa uni koʻrishni iltimos qilgandagina ozodlikka chiqarilgan. Uqba Ifriqiyadan Damashqqa joʻnab ketayotib, Abu al-Muhojir unga qanday muomala qilgan boʻlsa, unga ham shunday munosabatda boʻlishga ahd qilgan^[5].

Bir vaqtlar Uqba Qayravonda qarorgoh qurgan edi. Manbalarga koʻra, Abu al-Muhojir ushbu qarorgohdan foydalanish oʻrniga (baʼzi maʼlumotlarda uni vayron qilgan) ikki chaqirim uzoqlikda boshqa shaharcha qurgan^[6]. Koʻp asrlar oʻtib yozib qoldirilgan maʼlumotlarga koʻra, bu shahar Takarvon (arabcha: تاكروان) deb atalgan^[7].

Al-Muhojir haqida IX asrda yozilgan maʼlumotlarda uning Jazoirning Mila shahridan gʻarbga tomon boʻlgan hududlarni zabt etish uchun yurishlarni amalga oshirganligi aytilgan boʻlsa^[8], XI asrda yozilgan manbalar uning yirik Tlemcen shahrini qoʻlga kiritganligi haqida maʼlumot beradi^{[iqtibos kerak].}

Muoviyaning vorisi Yazid I Uqba ibn Nafiyni avvalgi lavozimiga qaytargan^[9]. Uqba 682-yilda Ifriqiyaga yetib kelgan va oʻsha zahoti bir paytlar oʻziga bergan vaʼdasini bajargan, Abu al-Muhojirni kishanlab, har safar safarga chiqqanda Uqbani jangda hamroh boʻlishga majbur boʻlgan^{[iqtibos kerak]}.

Oʻlimi

683-yilda^[10] Uqba qoʻshinlari Jazoirdagi qadimgi Rim qalʼasi Thabudeos yaqinida Berberlar boshligʻi Kusayla tomonidan pistirmaga uchragan. Aytishlaricha, oʻshanda Uqba Abu al-Muhojirning zanjirlarini yechishni taklif qilgan va bu narsa unga yaxshiroq jang qilishga imkon berishini aytgan, ammo Abu al-Muhojir zanjirlarini taqqan holda jang qilib oʻlishni afzal koʻrgan^[11]. Uqba va al-Muhojir oʻsha jangda 300 nafar otliq askarlar bilan birga halok boʻlgan^{[iqtibos kerak]}.

Al-Muhojir Jazoirdagi Sidi Okba tumani, Sidi Okba masjidi oldida joylashgan ash-Shurofa qabristonida Biskra jangida halok boʻlgan 300 nafar askarlar bilan birga dafn etilgan^{[iqtibos kerak]}.

Yana qarang

Umaviylar xalifaligi

Manbalar

↑ See https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abu-al-Muhajir-Dinar-al-Ansari
↑ موجز عن الفتوحات الإسلامية | مجلد 1 | صفحة 68 | ثالثا: فتوح المغرب والأندلس وبلاد غالة „جنوب فرنسا“ (ar).
↑ Kennedy, Hugh. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (en). Da Capo Press, 2007 — 211-bet. ISBN 9780306817281.
↑ Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 of Torrey’s Arabic text, but on p. 320 of the English translation the date given is 10 years earlier. This is because the translation is based on a single manuscript. The earlier date is not supported by better manuscripts.
↑ Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 321 of English translation.
↑ Location not known with certainty. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 Arabic text or p. 321 of translation, states it was 2 miles from Qayrawan. Ibn Idhari added that this was in the direction of Tunis. Solignac p. 22 suggests a tell-like hill northeast of Qayrawan called Draa Temmar.
↑ Ad-Dabbagh/Ibn Naji, p. 47 of Cairo edition. In footnotes, the editor gives two later variations: Tīkīrwān (arabcha: تيكيروان) from Al-Nuwayri (14th century) and Tīkarwān (arabcha: تيكروان) from Ibn Abi Dinar in the 16th century
↑ Or alternatively, the Saharan fort of Gemellae. Khalifa ibn Khayyat, Tarikh, fide Benabbès (2005), Modéran (2005).
↑ Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 198 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 322 of English translation.
↑ Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 199 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 324 of English translation.
↑ Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 199 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 323 of English translation.

Adabiyotlar

Ibn Abd al-Hakam, Kitab Futuh Misr waʼl Maghrib waʼl Andalus. The only substantial English translation of this 9th century work is that of Torrey (who also later edited the critical Arabic edition, Yale University Press, 1932): „The Muhammedan Conquest of Egypt and North Africa in the Years 643-705 A. D., translated from the Original Arabic of Ibn 'Abd-el Hakem'“, Biblical and Semitic Studies vol. 1 (1901), 279–330.
Abu Zaid Abd ur-Rahman bin Muhammad ad-Dabbagh (13th century, updated by Abu al-Fadl Abu al-Qasim ibn Naji in the 15th century), Maʼalim al-Aman fi Maʼarufat Ahl al-Qayrawan. Critical Arabic edition by Ibrahim Shubbuh, Makataba al-Khananaji, Cairo, 1968.
A. Benabbès: „Les premiers raids arabes en Numidie byzantine: questions toponymiques.“ In Identités et Cultures dans l'Algérie Antique, University of Rouen, 2005 (ISBN 2-87775-391-3)
Yves Modéran: „Kusayla, l'Afrique et les Arabes.“ In Identités et Cultures dans l'Algérie Antique, University of Rouen, 2005 (ISBN 2-87775-391-3).
Marcel Solignac: Recherches sur les Installations Hydrauliques de Kairouan et des Steppes Tunisiennes du VIIe au XIe Siècle (J.C.), Institut d'Études Orientales de la Faculté des Lettres d’Alger, 1953. (Not just on hydraulics, contains valuable historical research).

Oʻtmishdoshi: Uqba ibn Nafiy	Ifiriqiya hokimi 674–681	Vorisi: Uqba ibn Nafiy

[1] See https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abu-al-Muhajir-Dinar-al-Ansari

[2] موجز عن الفتوحات الإسلامية | مجلد 1 | صفحة 68 | ثالثا: فتوح المغرب والأندلس وبلاد غالة „جنوب فرنسا“ (ar).

[3] Kennedy, Hugh. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (en). Da Capo Press, 2007 — 211-bet. ISBN 9780306817281.

[4] Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 of Torrey’s Arabic text, but on p. 320 of the English translation the date given is 10 years earlier. This is because the translation is based on a single manuscript. The earlier date is not supported by better manuscripts.

[5] Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 321 of English translation.

[6] Location not known with certainty. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 197 Arabic text or p. 321 of translation, states it was 2 miles from Qayrawan. Ibn Idhari added that this was in the direction of Tunis. Solignac p. 22 suggests a tell-like hill northeast of Qayrawan called Draa Temmar.

[7] Ad-Dabbagh/Ibn Naji, p. 47 of Cairo edition. In footnotes, the editor gives two later variations: Tīkīrwān (arabcha: تيكيروان) from Al-Nuwayri (14th century) and Tīkarwān (arabcha: تيكروان) from Ibn Abi Dinar in the 16th century

[8] Or alternatively, the Saharan fort of Gemellae. Khalifa ibn Khayyat, Tarikh, fide Benabbès (2005), Modéran (2005).

[9] Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 198 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 322 of English translation.

[10] Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 199 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 324 of English translation.

[11] Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 199 of Torrey’s Arabic text, p. 323 of English translation.

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