Bishr ibn Safvon al-Kalbiy

Bishr ibn Safvon al-Kalbiy
Ifriqiya hokimi
	Mansab davri; 721 – 727
Hukmdor	Yazid II, Hishom
Oʻtmishdoshi	Muhammad ibn Yazid
Vorisi	Ubayda ibn Abdurahmon al-Qaysiy
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Vafoti	727 ; Qayravon
Munosabatlari	Hanzala ibn Safvon al-Kalbiy (ukasi)
Ota-onasi	Safvon ibn Tuvayl

Bishr ibn Safvon al-Kalbiy (arabcha: بشر بن صفوان الكلبي) (727-yilda vafot etgan) – Umaviylar xalifaligining Misrdagi (720–721) va Ifriqiyadagi (721–727) hokimi.

Faoliyati

Safvon ibn Tuvaylning oʻgʻli Bishr arablarning Banu Kalb qabilasidan boʻlgan^[1].

720-yilda Bishr xalifa Yazid ibn Abdulmalik tomonidan Ayyub ibn Sharhabilning oʻrniga Misr hokimi etib tayinlandi. Viloyatda boʻlgan davrida Bishr oʻzidan oldingi hokim tomonidan qabul qilingan bir qancha chora-tadbirlarni, jumladan, mahalliy musulmonlarning maoshini oshirish va nasroniy cherkovlari uchun belgilangan soliqlarni bekor qildi. Banu Qudoʼa qabilasi aʼzolarini boshqa qabilalardan ajratish orqali devon roʻyxatini isloh qildi^[2]. Aynan Bishr hokimligi davrida Tinnis shahri vizantiyaliklar tomonidan hujumga uchragan va urush oqibatida bir qancha musulmonlar halok boʻlgan^[3].

721-yilda Muhammad ibn Yazidning oʻldirilishi ortidan Yazid Bishrni Ifriqiya (Shimoliy Afrika) hokimi etib tayinlanishini buyurdi. Buyruqqa binoan Bishr gʻarbga qarab yoʻl oldi va uning oʻrniga Misrni boshqarish uchun ukasi Hanzala ibn Safvon qoldi. Viloyatga yetib kelgach, Bishr Muhammadning oʻlimi ortida Abdulloh ibn Muso ibn Nusayr turgani haqidagi xabar olindi va bu xabarni Yazidga yoʻllagan maktubida bayon qildi. Voqeadan xabar topgan Yazid Abdullohni oʻldirish kerakligi haqida Bishrga buyruq berdi. Bishr Abdullohni qatl qilib, uning uzilgan boshini xalifaga yubordi. Shuningdek, Abdullohning mol-mulkini musodara qilishga kirishdi va uning sobiq sheriklariga nisbatan jazo choralarini qoʻlladi^[4].

723-yilda Bishr xalifa bilan shaxsan uchrashish maqsadida Ifriqiyadan joʻnab ketdi, lekin yoʻlda ketayotib, Yazidning vafot etganini va uning oʻrnini Hishom ibn Abdulmalik egallagani haqidagi xabarni oldi. Bishr Yazidga boʻlgani kabi yangi xalifaga ham hurmat va sadoqatini bildirdi. Bunga javoban Hishom Bishrning Ifriqiya ustidan hokimligini qayta tasdiqladi va uni viloyatga qaytardi^[5].

Ifriqiyada hukmronligi davrida Bishr oʻz qoʻmondonlarini Oʻrta yer dengizidagi Vizantiya nishonlariga qarshi muntazam ravishda yurishlarga joʻnatdi. 721 va 727-yillarda Sardiniyaga, 724-yilda esa Sardiniya va Korsikaga, shuningdek, 722 va 726-yillarda ham bir qancha yurishlar amalga oshirildi. Bishrning oʻzi Sitsiliyaga qarshi yurishlarni boshqargan, natijada bir qancha oʻljalar qoʻlga kiritilgan, ammo boʻronlar uning flotini bosib olib, armiyasining koʻp qismini yoʻq qilgan va shu sababli hujum oqibati falokatli yakunlangan^[6].

Bishr 727-yilda Qayravonda kasallikdan vafot etgan. Uning oʻrniga Ubayda ibn Abdurahmon al-Qaysiy tayinlangan^[7].

Manbalar

↑ The exact rendering of Tuwayl’s name is given variously in the sources. Ibn Hazm 1982, s. 457; Ibn 'Asakir 1995, s. 233; Al-Kindi 1912, s. 69; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 244.
↑ Kennedy 1998, s. 73; Kubiak 1987, ss. 70, 92; Al-Kindi 1912, ss. 70–71; Severus 1910, s. 72.
↑ Al-Kindi 1912, s. 70; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 244.
↑ Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, s. 31; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1030; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, s. 326; Al-Baladhuri 1916, s. 366; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, s. 357; Al-Kindi 1912, s. 71; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, ss. 244–45.
↑ Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, ss. 31–32; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1036; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 334, 349; Al-Baladhuri 1916, ss. 366–67. Al-Kindi 1912, s. 72, reports that Bishr made it as far as Egypt before learning that Yazid had died, upon which he turned around and returned to Ifriqiyah.
↑ Blankinship 1994, s. 139; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 328, 330, 336, 338, 339; Jones 1858, s. 32; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, ss. 357–58.
↑ Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, s. 32; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1036; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, s. 349; Al-Baladhuri 1916, s. 367; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, s. 358; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 245; Ibn 'Asakir 1995, ss. 236–37.

Adabiyotlar

Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Jabir. The Origins of the Islamic State, Part I, Trans. Philip Khuri Hitti, New York: Columbia University, 1916.
Blankinship, Khalid Yahya. The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
The Works of Ibn Wadih al-Ya'qubi: An English Translation. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2018. ISBN 978-90-04-35621-4.
Ibn 'Asakir, Abu al-Qasim 'Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibat Allah. Tarikh Madinat Dimashq (ar). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1995.
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Andalusi. Jamharat Ansab al-'Arab, 5th (ar), Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1982.
Ibn Khaldoun. Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique (fr). Imprimerie du gouvernement, 1852.
Ibn Taghribirdi, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf. Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira, Volume I (ar). Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya, 1929.
Jones, John Harris. Ibn-El-Hakem's History of the Conquest of Spain. Goettingen and London: Dieterich / Williams & Norgate, 1858.
Kennedy, Hugh „Egypt as a province in the Islamic caliphate, 641–868“, . Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998 — 62–85-bet. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
Khalifah ibn Khayyat. Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (ar). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah, 1985.
Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf. The Governors and Judges of Egypt (Arabic). Leyden and London: E. J. Brill, 1912.
Kubiak, Wladyslaw B.. Al-Fustat: Its Foundation and Early Urban Development. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1987. ISBN 978-1-61797-741-1.
Severus of Al'Ashmunein „Part 3: Agathon - Michael I (766 AD)“, . History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 1910.

Oʻtmishdoshi: Ayyub ibn Sharhabil	Misr hokimi 720–721	Vorisi: Hanzala ibn Safvon al-Kalbiy
Oʻtmishdoshi: Muhammad ibn Yazid	Ifriqiya hokimi 721–727	Vorisi: Ubayda ibn Abdurahmon al-Qaysiy

[1] The exact rendering of Tuwayl’s name is given variously in the sources. Ibn Hazm 1982, s. 457; Ibn 'Asakir 1995, s. 233; Al-Kindi 1912, s. 69; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 244.

[2] Kennedy 1998, s. 73; Kubiak 1987, ss. 70, 92; Al-Kindi 1912, ss. 70–71; Severus 1910, s. 72.

[3] Al-Kindi 1912, s. 70; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 244.

[4] Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, s. 31; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1030; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, s. 326; Al-Baladhuri 1916, s. 366; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, s. 357; Al-Kindi 1912, s. 71; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, ss. 244–45.

[5] Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, ss. 31–32; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1036; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 334, 349; Al-Baladhuri 1916, ss. 366–67. Al-Kindi 1912, s. 72, reports that Bishr made it as far as Egypt before learning that Yazid had died, upon which he turned around and returned to Ifriqiyah.

[6] Blankinship 1994, s. 139; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, ss. 328, 330, 336, 338, 339; Jones 1858, s. 32; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, ss. 357–58.

[7] Blankinship 1994, s. 138; Jones 1858, s. 32; Gordon et al. 2018, s. 1036; Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, s. 349; Al-Baladhuri 1916, s. 367; Ibn Khaldoun 1852, s. 358; Ibn Taghribirdi 1929, s. 245; Ibn 'Asakir 1995, ss. 236–37.

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